On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers on the Deepwater Horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.. On April 20, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded off the Gulf Coast, killing 11 people and injuring 17. [45] According to a group presenting the plaintiffs, the deal has no specific cap. For the Deep Horizon oil spill, cleanup workers used 1,400,000USgal (5,300,000l; 1,200,000impgal) of various chemical dispersants to further breakdown the oil. Much research has been done on microbes and their implications in oil spills, but there are still much more to know. Offshore Oil Drilling, "Spike Reported in Number of Stillborn Dolphins on Coast", "Half of bottlenose dolphins in Barataria Bay were seriously ill or dying in 2011, new study finds", "Gulf Dolphins Exposed to Oil Are Seriously Ill, Agency Says", "Restoring A Degraded Gulf of Mexico National Wildlife Federation", "How You Can Help Wildlife Impacted by the BP Oil Spill National Wildlife Federation", "BP Oil Spill: Dolphins Plagued By Death, Disease Years After Rig Explosion", "Dolphins 'suffering miscarriage, lung disease, losing teeth after BP oil spill' researchers claim", "About 565,000 pounds of oiled material from Deepwater Horizon stirred up by Hurricane Isaac", "Tropical Storm Lee surge reveals tar mats on Fourchon Beach", "Discovery of 'tar mat' prompts Gulf closure", "Three Years After the BP Spill, Tar Balls and Oil Sheen Blight Gulf Coast", Gulf of Mexico, since the BP Oil Spill of 2010 April, "AP: BP oil not degrading on Gulf floor, study says", "Study: "Dirty bathtub" buried oil from BP spill", "Tuna study reveals how pollution causes heart problems", "Dispersant Used to Clean Deepwater Horizon Spill More Toxic to Corals Than the Oil", Spike In Dolphin Deaths Directly Tied To Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Researchers Say, Study Links Dolphin Deaths to Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, "Hundreds of baby dolphin deaths tied to BP's Gulf oil spill", "Louisiana DHH Releases Oil Spill-Related Exposure Information", "Is This Oil Spill Solution Worse Than The Problem? On October 5, 2015, we proposed a comprehensive, integrated, ecosystem restoration plan to address impacts from the spill to the Gulf of Mexico. Though fitted loosely over the BOP and allowing some oil to escape, the cap enabled BP to siphon approximately 15,000 barrels of oil per day to a tanker. The spill occurred in the Gulf of Mexico, off the coast of Louisiana, and resulted in a massive release of oil into the ocean. [223] In 2013, former NASA physicist Bonny Schumaker noted a "dearth of marine life" in a radius 30 to 50mi (48 to 80km) around the well, after flying over the area numerous times since May 2010. [279] In his 15 June speech, Obama said, "This oil spill is the worst environmental disaster America has ever faced Make no mistake: we will fight this spill with everything we've got for as long as it takes. Please click here to see any active alerts. [16][71], First, BP unsuccessfully attempted to close the blowout preventer valves on the wellhead with remotely operated underwater vehicles. Repeated or excessive exposure may cause injury to red blood cells (hemolysis), kidney or the liver. The manual adds: Excessive exposure may cause central nervous system effects, nausea, vomiting, anesthetic or narcotic effects. It advises, Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing, and Wear suitable protective clothing. For Corexit 9500 the manual advised, Do not get in eyes, on skin, on clothing, Avoid breathing vapor, and Wear suitable protective clothing. According to FOIA requests obtained by GAP, neither the protective gear nor the manual were distributed to Gulf oil spill cleanup workers. Including one-time use sorbent booms, a total of 13,300,000ft (4,100km) of booms were deployed. BP officials deny that the disease conditions are related to the spill, saying that dolphin deaths actually began being reported before the BP oil spill. "[88] On 4 August 2010, BP began pumping cement from the top, sealing that part of the flow channel permanently. Diaz also believes neurological disorders should be expected. [85][86][87] On 3 August 2010, first test oil and then drilling mud was pumped at a slow rate of approximately 2bbl (320L) per minute into the well-head. [3] After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was declared sealed on 19 September 2010. Before the spill there was an average of 100 strandings per year; since the spill the number has jumped to roughly 500. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Problems include the fact that microbes being introduced may require different conditions in order to grow, indigenous organisms out compete the new comers, and if growth is observed, it may not reach a high enough concentration to have an observable effect on the degradation of oil. [325] In June 2012, the settlement of claims through the GCCF was replaced by the court-supervised settlement program. [193] Methane can potentially suffocate marine life and create "dead zones" where oxygen is depleted. [80] On 16 June, a second containment system connected directly to the blowout preventer began carrying oil and gas to service vessels, where it was consumed in a clean-burning system. oil rig explosion", "BP confirms that Transocean Ltd issued the following statement today", "Offshore Field Development Projects: Macondo", "Search Ends for Missing Oil Rig Workers", "The 11 Workers Who Died During The Deepwater Horizon Explosion", "Rescued oil rig explosion workers arrive to meet families at Kenner hotel", "Coast Guard: Oil rig that exploded has sunk", "US military joins Gulf of Mexico oil spill effort", "White House Struggles as Criticism on Leak Mounts", "Scientists up estimate of leaking Gulf oil", "BP Seeks Gulf Oil Spill Size Ruling From Judge", "New Estimate Puts Gulf Oil Leak at 205 Million Gallons", "New BP Oil Spill Emails Suggest Cover-Up", "The Cover Up: E-mails Show BP Lied to Authorities on The Deepwater Horizon Spill", "Impacts, Perception, and Policy Implications of the BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil and Gas Disaster", "Response To Oil on Gulf Island Beaches Continues", "BP has another setback as oil slick threatens Florida", "Admiral back on the Gulf Coast for spill", "Oil in Lake Pontchartrain stokes worries in New Orleans", "New wave of oil comes ashore west of Mississippi River", "Massive stretches of weathered oil spotted in Gulf of Mexico", "BP Oil Still Ashore One Year After End of Gulf Spill", Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Recent Activities and Ongoing Developments, "Environmental effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: A review", "Simulations of underwater plumes of dissolved oil in the Gulf of Mexico", "Nearly 3/4 of BP spill oil gone from Gulf", "Scientists call new gulf spill report 'ludicrous' Oneindia News", "Foul waters, hard lessons from BP oil spill", "Spilled BP oil lingers on Louisiana coast", "Dirty blizzard buried Deepwater Horizon oil", "40,000-Pound Tar Mat Reminds Us the Oil Spill is Not Over", "BP Pulls Out of Gulf Cleanup, Leaving Unanswered Questions Behind", "Robot subs trying to stop Gulf oil leak", "US oil spill 'threatens way of life', governor warns", "Engineers work to place siphon tube at oil spill site", "Update on Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Response May 24", "Gulf awaits word on latest bid to plug oil leak", "Oil stains beaches and tourists as slick spreads", "Hayward says spill 'never should have happened', "Robots begin work to remove cap from gushing well", "Relief wells and Subsea containment illustration", "Relief wells aim at pipe 18,000 feet deep", "BP's Deepwater Oil Spill Tests End and the Kill Begins, Well Reaches Static Condition", "BP begins pumping cement in next stage of 'static kill', "BP: Blowout preventer that failed to stop Gulf of Mexico oil leak removed from well", "Failed blowout preventer, a key piece of evidence in Gulf oil spill probe, secure on boat", "BP: Cement being pumped in to permanently seal the company's blown-out well in Gulf of Mexico", "Oil could spew until August, officials say", "No end in sight for oil in the Gulf of Mexico", "Oil in new Gulf slick matches that of 2010 spill", "Probe Deepens on New Oil Linked to BP Site", "Scientists: Oil fouling Gulf matches Deepwater Horizon well (photo gallery, video) | al.com", "Coast Guard, BP investigating reports of oil at Deepwater Horizon site", "Coast Guard says oil sheen 16 miles northeast of BP well too dispersed to be recovered", "Sheen at Deepwater Horizon disaster site is BP oil, Coast Guard says", "Coast Guard Says Sheen Near Macondo Matches 2010 BP Spill", "BP finishes latest search for Gulf oil leaks", "Oil may be seeping from Deepwater Horizon site", "Source of new oil sheen near Deepwater Horizon site has been plugged, BP says", "BP Macondo well, Deepwater Horizon wreckage videos released by Coast Guard", "Unknown substance leaking from Deepwater Horizon site", "Mystery 'oil sheen' grows near site of BP Gulf disaster, says researcher", "BP oil spill: US scientist retracts assurances over success of cleanup | Environment", "A Lot of Oil on the Loose, Not So Much to Be Found", "Tar Balls from BP Oil Spill Wash Up on Gulf Beaches", "Florida Keys environmentalists act to protect against BP oil spill summer 2010 | Global Nonviolent Action Database", Containment boom effort comes up short in BP oil spill, "BP oil spill Deepwater Horizon, BP (Business), Oil spills (Environment), Oil and gas companies (Business), Oil (environment), Oil (business), US news, Conservation (Environment), Pollution (Environment), World news, Environment, Business", BP spill response plans severely flawed | MNN Mother Nature Network, "Slosh and Berm: Building Sand Barriers off Louisiana's Coast to Hold Back Oil Spill Has Low Probability of Success", "Are the Sand Berms Really Stopping Oil? [172], During the spill response operations, at the request of the Coast Guard, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) implemented a 900sqmi (2,300km2) temporary flight restriction zone over the operations area. [120][121] Critics allege that the decision to pursue the project was political with little scientific input. Forensic analysis of the BOP completed the following year determined that a set of massive blades known as blind shear ramsdesigned to slice through the pipe carrying oilhad malfunctioned because the pipe had bent under the pressure of the rising gas and oil. [282] Rand Paul accused President Obama of being anti-business and "un-American". [314], On 9 November 2010, a report by the Oil Spill Commission said that there had been "a rush to completion" on the well and criticised poor management decisions. [228] A 2015 study of the relative toxicity of oil and dispersants to coral also found that the dispersants were more toxic than the oil. Environ Sci Technol 45(16):6709-6715. [23][59] Oil sector analysts at London-based investment bank Canaccord Genuity noted that a settlement along the lines disclosed would only be a partial resolution of the many claims against BP. [160], After the well was capped, the cleanup of shore became the main task of the response works. Bacteria that had adapted to consuming naturally occurring gas and oil seeping from the seabed were thought to have consumed a portion of it. [336] BP originally expected to spend $7.8billion. "[246] ProPublica reported that workers were being photographed while working with no protective clothing. They used this assessment to develop a science-based, comprehensive restoration plan for the Gulf of Mexico, which will be funded through a settlement with BP for up to $8.8 billion. You may remember the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that happened in 2010, where 3.19 million barrels of oil spilled off the Gulf of Mexico. Mac McClelland for Mother Jones, 24 May 2010. Connect With ASM. It uses microorganisms or biological agents to treat oil spills, and soils contaminated 4. [58] As of December2012[update], 339mi (546km) of coastline remain subject to evaluation and/or cleanup operations. Fortunately, unl The PAHs were most concentrated near the Louisiana Coast, but levels also jumped 23 fold in areas off Alabama, Mississippi and Florida. This webpage is limited to EPAs enforcement-related activities only, and does not cover all legal or other actions against BP Exploration & Production and other parties for the spill, such as private party/class action settlements for medical claims and economic damages, or other actions against those responsible for the spill. [142][143][144] BP reduced Corexit use by 25,689 to 23,250USgal (97,240 to 88,010L) per day, a 9% decline. [201] In October 2013, Al Jazeera reported that the gulf ecosystem was "in crisis", citing a decline in seafood catches, as well as deformities and lesions found in fish. [156] In mid-June 2010, BP ordered 32machines that separate oil and water, with each machine capable of extracting up to 2,000bbl/d (320m3/d). [172] All flights in the operations' area were prohibited except flight authorized by air traffic control; routine flights supporting offshore oil operations; federal, state, local and military flight operations supporting spill response; and air ambulance and law enforcement operations. Benthic and highly productive habitats such as marshes and coastal wetlands in the affected areas were contaminated with crude oil and other petroleum by products; they are harmful to many of the organisms that thrive there [2]. Responding to the report, Transocean and Halliburton placed all blame on BP. An alternative technique that has longer-term remediating effect is the use of microbes in oil cleaning. Directive of Rarely", "In Standoff With Environmental Officials, BP Stays With an Oil Spill Dispersant", "Statement by EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson from Press Conference on Dispersant Use in the Gulf of Mexico with U.S. Coast Guard Rear Admiral Landry", "Dispersants flow into Gulf in 'science experiment', "BP oil spill: Obama administration's scientists admit alarm over chemicals", "Gulf oil spill: Effects of dispersants remain a mystery", "22-mile-long oily plume mapped near BP site Disaster in the Gulf", "Chemical Dispersant Made BP Oilspill 52 Times More Toxic", "Dispersant makes oil from spills 52 times more toxic", "Burning off oil from BP spill in Gulf posed little health risk, feds say in new report (video)", "Giant oil skimmer 'A Whale' deemed a bust for Gulf of Mexico spill", BP oil spill: Kevin Costner's oil-water separation machines help with clean-up, "Advances in Oil Spill Cleanup Lag Since Valdez", "BP 'Excited' Over Kevin Costner's Oil Cleanup Machine, Purchases 32", "Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Response: Current Operations as of June 28", "An Audacious Decision in Crisis Gets Cautious Praise", "Dynamic autoinoculation and the microbial ecology of a deep water hydrocarbon irruption", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, "Bacteria in the gulf mostly digested gas, not oil, study finds", "How Microbes Helped Clean BP's Oil Spill", Oil-eating microbes may not be all they're cracked up to be | The Upshot Yahoo! [57] As of July2011[update], about 491mi (790km) of coastline in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida were contaminated by oil and a total of 1,074mi (1,728km) had been oiled since the spill began. [122] The EPA expressed concern that the booms would threaten wildlife. (A 2014 report by the U.S. Chemical Safety Board claimed that the blind shear rams had activated sooner than previously thought and may have actually punctured the pipe.). On 20th April 2010, the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig lost control of a well as a cement plug installed to temporarily abandon the well hole failed. "[309] The investigation by United States Attorney General Eric Holder was announced on 1 June 2010. [318] The report stated that "whether purposeful or not, many of the decisions that BP, Halliburton, and Transocean made that increased the risk of the Macondo blowout clearly saved those companies significant time (and money). Not only was BP required to pay both criminal and civil court ordered penalties of more than $20.8 billion, they funded $500 million in additional research in 2010. [59], On 25 July 2013, Halliburton pleaded guilty to destruction of critical evidence after the oil spill and said it would pay the maximum allowable fine of $200,000 and will be subject to three years of probation. [234], The United States Department of Health and Human Services set up the GuLF Study in June 2010 in response to these reports. [198] Chemicals from the spill were found in migratory birds as far away as Minnesota. Two main types of affected coast were sandy beaches and marshes. There was a report detailing the release of thousands of tons of hydrocarbon gases (HC) into the atmosphere. [153] It is calculated that about 5% of leaked oil was burned at the surface and 3% was skimmed. In both oil. Using Manual Labour. Let us know. ASM Connect. They used skimmer boats to remove a majority of the oil and they used sorbents to absorb any remnant of oil like a sponge. It later emerged through documents released by Wikileaks that a similar incident had occurred on a BP-owned rig in the Caspian Sea in September 2008. Although BP attempted to activate the rigs blowout preventer (BOP), a fail-safe mechanism designed to close the channel through which oil was drawn, the device malfunctioned. [61] Two methods of bioremediation were used: bioaugmentation and biostimulation [11]. Omissions? Oil biodegradation at a depth 5,000 feet or greater is . (1 May 2010). The microbial ecosystem in the Gulf of Mexico may have been primed for oil bioremediation before DWH because of persistent oil seepage in the waters from drilling. '"[341] The Court then went further, calling BP's position "nonsensical. ", EPA slams Jindal's sand berm plan | wwltv.com New Orleans, "How can human hair mop up the oil spill? One of the largest oil spills, known as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, occurred in the Spring of 2010 near the coast of Louisiana (USA) due to an explosion during oil drilling activities. [2] BP conducted its internal investigation. Following a five-year evaluation of the damage, the Trustees issued a plan in 2016 to restore the Gulf and allocate funds from the settlement with BP. The fines from the criminal cases administered by the National Academies of Science offsite link and the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation offsite link are used for two programs: After the spill, state and federal agencies undertook an intense scientific study of the impacts of the spill. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the "BP oil spill") was an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010 off of the coast of the United States in the Gulf of Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered to be the largest marine oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8 to 31 percent larger in volume than the previous largest, the . The ever-growing increase in deep-sea oil explorations in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) has been raising concerns with regard to future oil spills. GoMRI uses a peer-review process to award grants for independent scientific research conducted primarily at academic institutions, as well as at select for-profit entities. But it left the region reeling from a disrupted coastal economy; a devastated ecosystem; the deaths of as many as 105,400 sea birds, 7,600 adult and 160,000 juvenile sea turtles; and up to a 51-percent decrease in dolphins in Louisianas Barataria Bay. When an attempt to employ a top kill, whereby drilling mud was pumped into the well to stanch the flow of oil, also failed, BP in early June turned to an apparatus called the Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP) cap. [232], By June 2010, 143spill-exposure cases had been reported to the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals; 108 of those involved workers in the clean-up efforts, while 35 were reported by residents. In 2011, one year after the spill, BP agreed to provide up to $1 billion toward early restoration projects in the Gulf of Mexico. Based on 16S rRNA gene community analysis, the most prominent group of hydrocarbon degraders detected at contaminated sites were from the genus Pseudomonas [9]. Microbial biosurfactants help in bioremediation of hydrophobic compounds by two main mechanisms. It was largely settled when a Federal District judge approved the largest environmental damage settlement in United States history $20.8 billion on April 4, 2016. When did the Deepwater Horizon oil spill happen? As of January2013[update], 935personnel were still involved. One quarter of that has been burned, captured or skimmed, according to U.S.. For more information, visit the Gulf Spill Restoration website. 2179 "DEEPWATER HORIZON" IN THE GULF: OF MEXICO, ON APRIL 20, 2010", "U.S. bans BP from new government contracts after oil spill deal", "US court accepts BP's Macondo guilty plea", "BP Will Pay $4.5B in Plea Deal over Macondo", "Transocean Agrees to Plead Guilty to Environmental Crime and Enter Civil Settlement to Resolve U.S. Clean Water Act Penalty Claims from Deepwater Horizon Incident", "Halliburton Pleads Guilty to Destroying Evidence After Gulf Spill", "Judges Call BP's Arguments "Nonsensical", "The ideas that underly BP's cert petition don't make sense", "BP's Appeal Fails to Interest Supreme Court, Cert Denied", "Halliburton to pay around $1.1 bn for US oil spill claims", "BP to begin presenting its defense Monday in Gulf oil spill trial", "BP, Transocean Accused of 'Reckless' Actions in Spill", "U.S. Justice, Gulf states crafting BP spill settlement", "BP found "grossly negligent' in Gulf of Mexico oil spill", "BP set to pay largest environmental fine in US history for Gulf oil spill", "Kurt Mix, BP Engineer, Faces First Oil Spill Charges", "Feds File First Criminal Charges Related to BP Gulf Spill", "First Criminal Charges Filed in Deepwater Horizon Accident", "BP to pay $4.5bn penalty over Deepwater Horizon disaster", "BP Managers Plead Not Guilty to Deepwater Horizon Criminal Charges", "Halliburton manager gets 1 year probation in Gulf oil spill", "Blowout: Four years after his indictment, one of the only people prosecuted for the Deepwater Horizon explosion tells his side of the story", "Disaster prosecution is, well, a disaster", "Disaster's Toll on the Gulf and Its People", "The Great Invisible (Post-Screening Discussion)", "The Great Invisible | Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill | Independent Lens | PBS", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache (2014) - IMDb", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache Official Trailer 1 (2014) HD", "Slamdance Film Review: 'Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache', "Review: 'Vanishing Pearls' shows fallout after Gulf disasters", "Pretty Slick: The BP Deepwater Horizon Exposed - Updated and Expanded Directors Cut", "Focus on Nature: Film Series (PLV) | Current Students | October 15, 2015 | PACE UNIVERSITY", "New Film Focuses on the Demise of Louisiana's Coast", "After the Spill: Louisiana Water Stories, Part II", Journey to Planet Earth: Dispatches from the Gulf 1 (of 3), "Dispatches from the Gulf - Screenscope - Journey to Planet Earth", "Meet David Murphy: The Next Generation of Scientists (Gulf Dispatches)", "Dispatches from the Gulf: A New Documentary", "The Movie BP (Probably) Doesn't Want You To See", "Nicolas Cage Gets Serious About the BP Oil Spill In The Runner Trailer", "Black Water (BP Version) - Gulf Oil Spill Doobie Brothers Parody", "Eddie Vedder and Jimmy Fallon 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Russell Crowe and Jimmy Fallon sing 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Jimmy Fallon & Brad Paisley Sing "Balls In Your Mouth" (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon)", "Audience Suggestion Box: Jimmy Fallon & Florence Welch Sing "Balls In Your Mouth", "God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You", "BP Research Dollars Yield Signs of Cautious Hope", "Critical Lessons from the Federal Response to the Gulf Oil Spill", Deepwater Horizon Incident, Gulf of Mexico, Science in a Time of Crisis: WHOI's response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, "Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the, CDC Oil Spill Response Resources NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), State of Florida Oil Spill Academic Task Force, ScientificAmerican.com 2015-04020 BP Gulf Oil Spill: 5 Years Later Indepth Report, Underwater Video Examines Multiple Leak Points Causing BP Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Interactive: Smithsonian Ocean Portal, BBC News interactive animation to the disaster and blocking efforts, CSB produced blowout animation and technical explanation of cause of disaster, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill&oldid=1130796604, 4.9Mbbl (210,000,000U.S.gal; 780,000m, 2,500 to 68,000sqmi (6,500 to 176,100km, The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is referenced in the 2010 episode of, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 00:57. This is the preferred method when members of the indigenous microbial community are capable of degrading oil [10]. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Environmental Protection . [198][212][213] By 2013, over 650 dolphins had been found stranded in the oil spill area, a four-fold increase over the historical average. [132] However, some independent scientists and EPA's own experts continue to voice concerns about the approach. The oil well over which it was positioned was located on the seabed 4,993 feet (1,522 metres) below the surface and extended approximately 18,000 feet (5,486 metres) into the rock. [205][206][207][208] According to NOAA, a cetacean Unusual Mortality Event (UME) has been recognized since before the spill began, NOAA is investigating possible contributing factors to the ongoing UME from the Deepwater Horizon spill, with the possibility of eventual criminal charges being filed if the spill is shown to be connected. Fortunately, unlike higher organisms that are adversely impacted by oil spills, microorganisms are able to . The CBS crew was told by the authorities: "this is BP's rules, not ours," when trying to film the area. Though similar to the failed top kill, mud could be injected at much lower pressures during the static kill because of the stabilizing influence of the capping stack. A report from the University of Florida said that many locations showed 20% of fish with lesions, while later estimates reached 50%. 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