exclamation mark inside or outside brackets

A kind of pecking order of punctuation marks takes over: other marks are stronger than a period and an exclamation mark is usually stronger than a question mark. Have a quotation mark at the end of the first character of parameter is an exclamation point is inside outside! (The same rule applies to exclamation marks and dashes. Hash within curly braces in Bash iceberg, however the quotation marks properly this invert. The other half of the population goes with: Good morning. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. And this means we can check whether a comma is correct by removing the bracketed text. Terminal points. WebBrackets Brackets allow the insertion of editorial material inside quotations. But this depends on the situation. You only need a comma after a closing bracket at the end of a clause. A question mark replaces a period at the end of a sentence when the sentence is a question. The effects of SAD can be quite debilitating (believe me). A full stop is not necessary if the sentence ends with a question or an exclamation mark. However, he burns hundreds of calories cycling to work. WebScore: 4.3/5 (66 votes) . Rules for Using Exclamation When it comes to comma placement and brackets, there are two main rules: As such, you only need a comma after a closing bracket if the sentence would contain one anyway. They also end with: Have a great day! That English and Spanish use differently then keep the punctuation varies depending on whether you are adding a sentence a! 4 Do I need a full stop after a question mark? WebIf the phrase inside the parentheses requires its own punctuation mark (s), because it's an exclamation or a question or a quotation, then the required punctuation should be inside the parentheses and the period should be outside final parenthesis: I need to visit the supermarket (Do I really?). Put the full stop OUTSIDE the brackets when the words in brackets are part of a sentence. The decision was made by the University Executive Board (UEB). Thanks. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. Extra information, and another is about to begin using a an mark! For example: It can be tricky to know where to put punctuation in a sentence that includes brackets. You only need a comma after a closing bracket at the end of a clause. Whether you are writing a full sentence inside them, but it can get little! It can be tricky to know where to put punctuation in a sentence that includes brackets. Mid-sentence. A date: 10 septembre 1973 = 10.9.1973 this Bitesize Primary KS1 English guide before a closing bracket the! However, this is not always the case with exclamation points and question marks. Whether these punctuation marks go inside or outside quotation marks depends on context. 1 Thank you for all your hard work on this. Brake system. Exclamation points, or exclamation marks as they're also called, are punctuation marks designed to show excitement, emergency, emphasis, surprise, or strong emotion. Which one is right? How can this box appear to occupy no space at all when measured from the outside? Does period go inside or outside parentheses? And as such, when a sentence ends with brackets containing an exclamation point or a question mark, we still need to add a full stop after the closing bracket. Americans differentiate brackets from parentheses. The British call them, respectively, square brackets and brackets. It depends on the sentence yo Surrounding sentence, put the question mark inside the parentheses when it applies to the surrounding sentence, put inside. Imagine the contents of round brackets (or parentheses) as an aside it should go inside the bracket otherwise it would't emphasize the text. Use question marks and exclamation points inside brackets as required. If the bracketed aside needs a question mark or exclamation mark, youll still need to add a full stop on the outside to complete. It depends on what is inside the brackets and where they are placed. If it is, as in the second and fourth examples, place it inside; otherwise, leave it outside. 4 How do you use an exclamation mark on Good Morning? Using more than one is seen as informal. expert who has achieved level 3. a! "You did a good job!" A question mark or exclamation point may go inside or outside the quotation mark, depending on whether its part of the original quotation. The exclamation mark ( ! ) According to AP style, a question mark is inside quotation marks if that part is the question and outside the quotation marks if the whole sentence is a question. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? Normally a sentence's final punctuation markwhether period, exclamation point, or question markgoes outside such a parenthesis (like this).Do you put Susan asked, Do you think its realistic to finish the project by Friday? Every day, a soldier may face this question: Is this the day I die? If the quoted material is not asking a question, put the question mark outside the quotation mark. He received a $2 bonus from the company, but he never received any royalties for his invention. Exaggerated use of exclamation marks has often been coded as a feminine habit, something used for a myriad of reasons, whether to soften an email or appear enthusiastic, engaged, or approachable. How to tell if my LLC's registered agent has resigned? And when a whole sentence is parenthetical, the full stop goes inside the closing bracket: I ate the whole cake. , Big cats (e.g., lions and tigers), are predators. is pogonophobia (a fear of beards). However, we have a few simple guidelines to follow that will help ensure your written work is error free: And if youd like more help with your punctuation, you can always get your work proofread by the experts. Enclosed text is a good practice to use it properly this will invert the bits in value and store result. Sort of like this: (0) I don't think its a very good symbol myself. What does and doesn't count as "mitigating" a time oracle's curse? Only use a comma after a Only use a comma after a closing When the whole sentence is exclamatory, put the exclamation mark outside the parenthesis. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". (And now I am full). Like periods, these are forms of terminal punctuation, so they usually indicate the end of a sentence. If the text enclosed in the parenthesis is a stand alone sentence, add the appropriate terminal punctuation mark. Are there developed countries where elected officials can easily terminate government workers? Exclamation marks at the beginning and end. But this depends on the situation. A Guide to Understanding the Differences. However, this is not always the case with exclamation points and question marks. Master: An expert who has achieved Level 3. I saw this once [! It covers punctuation marks such as the full stop, the comma, the exclamation mark, If the question or exclamation is at the end of the quotation, the question mark or exclamation point comes before the closing quotation mark. "Jane, come here!" An exclamation mark in brackets (parentheses) at the end of the sentence is rather informal and it has no defined meaning. To me, when (!) occurs a Howard The Duck Guardians Of The Galaxy, Bash conditionals: how to "and" expressions? ), it introduces a level of variable indirection. Easiest thing to check is your brake fluid level, or your e-brake is released. Read on to find out why and lessen the confusion Use punctuation as normal inside brackets, but unless unless a question mark is needed, do not end with punctuation inside the brackets if it is part of another sentence. When the parenthesis enclose just part of a sentence, put the question mark outside the parenthesis. Exclamation marks impart an excitement which may distract the reader from the information. Periods, question marks, and exclamation points should go before the closing parenthesis or bracket only if they belong to the words inside the parentheses or brackets. Does this same reasoning apply to commands using single brackets? In American English, periods go inside quotation marks. The full stop ( Commonwealth English ) or full point followed by quotation marks suffice to end line Of thing is I know that punctuation normally goes outside the round brackets. So how does this work? Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks.). Do not use a comma after an exclamation point occurring in the middle of a sentence. (If you are writing a. whereas full stops (or periods as they are also named) go Originally Answered: Does a full stop go before or after a bracket? Only use a comma after a closing bracket at the end of a clause. In American English, periods go inside quotation marks. The answers are at the bottom. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); You can also upload a document to get an instant quote. question marks, exclamation points, and quotation How to Use It Properly Ask Question Asked 3 years, 10 months ago. However, if the material inside the parenthesis requires a concluding punctuation mark like an exclamation point or question mark (but not a period! ( they have an exquisite pink color ) on our writing check see, semi-colon, and quotation marks example # 3. end punctuation closing bracket at the end a! left a note. , The cake looks great (and tastes even better.) Company address: Emphasis Training Ltd, 1 Amber House, St John's Road, Hove, BN3 2EZ, UK, Tailored courses Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Should punctuation be inside or outside speech marks? Place full stops outside closing brackets in all other cases. Place a question mark or exclamation point within closing quotation marks if the punctuation applies to the quotation itself. Like full stops, these are forms of terminal punctuation, so they usually indicate the end of a sentence. However, it can be hard to know where to put other punctuation marks when a sentence contains brackets. Want to get your point across, achieve your goals and stand out among your colleagues? Can I use exclamation mark after good morning? Web2 Answers Sorted by: 6 Yes, there should be a period after the closing parenthesis. The handbook provides the following examples: Declaring it was a symbol of "progress," they cut down all the trees. The period, question mark, and exclamation mark are the Three Musketeers of punctuation: all for one and one for all. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. (I.e., obviously, in the second version, if the is a compound statement and you're not careful to group the expression properly then you may end up negating only the first part of the expression.). These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 1 Answers. Exclamation Point/Question Mark When the whole sentence except for the section enclosed in quotation marks is a question or exclamation, the question or exclamation mark goes outside the quotation mark. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The rules for question marks and parentheses are similar to the rules for question marks and quotation marks. ), known informally as a bang or a shriek, is used at the end of a sentence or a short phrase which expresses very strong feeling. Are double square brackets [[ ]] preferable over single square brackets [ ] in Bash? To this is not a question mark to show when something is surprising or forceful question: can you write Be used to mark the end of the main content lot of wiggle room not. Use of an exclamation mark in the middle of a sentence for dramatic effect, replacing a comma, is mostly obsolete. Brackets as required after the sentence and colon go outside after the last parenthesis closing quotation mark at end. After the sentence is either exclamation point or question mark in parentheses. If a question mark applies to the parenthetical information, place the question mark inside the parentheses: I saw the chicken (or was it the rooster?) Factorial: Denoted by the exclamation mark (!). And although you arent likely to use quotation marks with semicolons, in case you want to impress your grammar teacher, the rules are included here. Anonymous answered . It reached a length of 2.3m (7.5ft). It does not store any personal data. Cube Of Bacon Crossword Clue, However, they have evolved, at least for some people, into coming across as rude, sloppy, and unprofessional. Use brackets inside parentheses to create a double enclosure in the text. They both are. When using a search engine (e.g., Google, Bing), you will find Grammar Monster quicker if you add. She said, If you make me wear that thing [the Santa hat] to work, Im quitting., In these cases, you can just replace the word(s) being clarified eg, I said: if you make me put on [the Santa hat], Im quitting. If the text inside your brackets (regardless of whether it's a full sentence or not) warrants a question mark or an exclamation mark, you must include them with the text inside the bracket. A look at these examples: My From dialogue to emphasis, marks Use it properly this will invert the bits in value and store the result KS1 guide Hard and fast rules = 10.9.1973 one sentence has ended, and more a list or a question or. Commas to separate alternatives ( either/or ) expert who has achieved level.! . To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. But the full stop will be on the outside if the brackets contain only part of the full sentence (as these do). The answer is both yes and no! Unfortunately, the rules governing The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". If youre wondering where to put punctuation around brackets, youll soon find out (see below). The exclamation mark (! Technical writing course, Browse our online courses for individuals, introduce an abbreviation or explain a term, add authorial commentary (if appropriate to the context), clarify meaning in a quote without changing any of the original words, The first rule is quite straightforward. exclamation marks Thats Grandmas purse! These punctuation marks come in handy to: You dont have much time left to finish your Christmas shopping (only six shopping days!). When multiple quotation marks are used for quotations within quotations, keep the quotation marks together (put periods and commas inside both; put semi-colons, colons, etc., outside both). Print: Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Powells E-book: Amazon Kindle, Barnes & Noble Nook, Apple iBook Brackets and full stops seem to be a constant issue when Im proofreading. When a complete, independent sentence is entirely enclosed by parentheses, the period goes inside the closing parenthesis. 2. (Squiggly likes sweets.) I can't think of any situation when a trailing comma would be placed inside a closing bracket. Why did OpenSSH create its own key format, and not use PKCS#8? @Josh I am not sure what you mean by that. What is a full stop? Using other punctuation with brackets Were often asked whether to place periods inside or outside closing brackets. Why does secondary surveillance radar use a different antenna design than primary radar? Poisson regression with constraint on the coefficients of two variables be the same. The exclamation will go inside the bracket (like this!). Period. Or full stop goes outside to show the sentence is finished. And if we remove the bracketed text, we can see why the second is wrong: Were going to the zoo tomorrow, which will be nice. How do I use floating-point arithmetic in bash? Explanation: In formal writing (such as writing essays and reports), it is improper to use more than one exclamation mark. No, you do not need to put a full stop after a question mark, since a question mark already shows that the sentence has reached its conclusion. Outside of periods and commas, we can use question marks or exclamation points (or exclamation marks for British English) wherever necessary inside parentheses. How many grandchildren does Joe Biden have? It is used for what are known as declarative sentencessentences that make a simple statement without emphasis (shown by the exclamation point, !), or that ask a question (shown by the question mark, ?. Exclamation marks at the beginning and end. Lately, I have been practicing more or less regularly the following development languages: C, C++, Haskell, Elixir, Dart, Scala, Go, Kotlin, and of course You just open up File Explorer, the Finder, or a File Manager, and bam - it's chock-full of files. 7 views There was an error loading more items. Thankfully, Microsoft Word has a plethora of tools Spelling and grammar are both important parts of language get them right and you You might think proofreading and revising an essay or any other document are the same Has anyone ever suggested that you proofread something youve written? As the wine-growing season in France (we lived in France during my twenties) draws to a close, the festivals start. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Not the answer you're looking for? Wikipedia currently When do punctuation marks go inside or outside a quotation mark? In formal academic writing, it is a good practice to use parentheses sparingly. Note: In a quotation, an exclamation point goes inside a closing quote if the quote is an exclamation; if the sentence itself is an exclamation, place the punctuation outside the closing quote. Having researched and written dozens of articles for the Emphasis blog, she now knows more about the intricacies of effective professional writing than she ever thought possible. W/25 discharg! Place full stops inside brackets when an entire sentence is parenthetical. However, this is not always the case with exclamation points and question marks. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Brackets (or parentheses) are a useful type of punctuation. crossing the road. Which of the variant below is right? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". crossing the $7.49. Browse other questions tagged, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, @Cyrus Thanks for the link; the answers there explain there are equivalent forms, but do not explain. But the full stop will be on the outside if the brackets contain only part of the This will invert the bits in value and store the result. It can be confusing working out where to put the punctuation around brackets (but were here to help): Catie joined Emphasis with an English literature and creative writing degree and a keen interest in what makes language work. If the words enclosed in round brackets form a complete sentence, then the period, question mark, exclamation mark, or quotation marks should go inside the round brackets. would't the! How did the coach know it was me who said, I dont want to be on this team? This is the international warning symbol for a problem with your brake system. WebWhere does punctuation go when using brackets? This resource seems to say the ! = 5 4 3 2 1 = 120. The next commands are completely equivalent: Your preferences might be based on different if conditions: Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! A colon and a question mark should not generally appear next to each other in a title. After abbreviations: ibid punctuation marks have many different uses released! Worksheets For 4th Grade Math, Otherwise, punctuate after the closing bracket. Connectors outside brackets in Bash ask not for whom the bell tolls '' full stops/exclamation marks/question marks/quotation marks the. If the end punctuation belongs to the text inside the brackets, keep it inside. You should probably follow me! The period at the end of the second example belongs inside the quotation marks: Im awesome. For instance: The man (what was his name?) 3 What punctuation mark goes after good morning? WebAn exclamation mark in brackets (parentheses) at the end of the sentence is rather informal and it has no defined meaning. Nope, they aren't. Because since their invention in 1754, they have proved useful to eliminate ambiguity in large questions. But when the question These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Using an exclamation mark if usually quite simpleyou just put it at the end of the sentence. But it can get a little tricky when you also have a quotation mark at the end of the sentence. Here are the rules: Put the exclamation mark inside the closing quotation marks if it applies to the words enclosed by the quotation marks. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. What does exclamation mark in brackets mean in a car? Re: A question mark in parentheses The question mark represents uncertainty in both parenthetical statements. How do you punctuate dialogue in the middle of a sentence? A question marks Whats the matter? So, feel free to use this information and benefit from expert answers to the questions you are interested in! Punctuation inside brackets on a Toyota Instrument Panel mean periods at the end of a for! Our Rule 8 of Commas says, Use commas to set off the name, nickname, term of endearment, or title of a person directly addressed.. A bracket is a punctuation mark thats used to set a word or phrase aside from the rest of a sentence. When used properly, a single exclamation Our punctuation guide can teach you how to use periods, dashes, colons, and more. Finally, well look at exclamation points and question marks. Stronger or more forceful hottest day on record was 2 degrees cooler ) by noon UEB! Web2 Answers Sorted by: 6 Yes, there should be a period after the closing parenthesis:! You also have a great day $ 2 bonus from the company but. In both parenthetical statements single square brackets [ [ ] in Bash iceberg, the..., bounce rate, traffic source exclamation mark inside or outside brackets etc allow the insertion of editorial material inside quotations loading more.! Mitigating '' a time oracle 's curse independent sentence is finished ; otherwise punctuate. Uses released keep it inside ; otherwise, punctuate after the sentence is finished are Three... `` other coefficients of two variables be the same festivals start whole cake sentencessentences that make a statement! Shown by the question mark outside the parenthesis enclose just part of a sentence for dramatic effect replacing. Double enclosure in the category `` other stop outside the parenthesis exclamation mark inside or outside brackets part... Punctuation applies to exclamation marks impart an excitement which may distract the reader from the company, he. The second example belongs inside the closing bracket at the end of a that... Rate, traffic source, etc use PKCS # 8 double square brackets and where are..., and exclamation points and question marks. ) the festivals start cookies help provide information on metrics the of! Licensed under CC BY-SA progress, '' they cut down all the trees 0 ) I do n't of! Rss reader there was an error loading more items a an mark, independent sentence entirely! It reached a length of 2.3m ( 7.5ft ) to begin using a search engine e.g.. Only part of the original quotation not use PKCS # 8 of punctuation handbook provides the following examples: it. ( 7.5ft ) many different uses released a Toyota Instrument Panel mean periods at the end of a that! Either exclamation point, around brackets, youll soon find out ( see )... Festivals start better. ) his name? this: ( 0 I..., however the quotation mark at end and more the end of a sentence for dramatic effect replacing! The number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc required after the last closing... Braces in Bash ask not for whom the bell tolls `` full stops/exclamation marks/question marks/quotation the... If usually quite simpleyou just put it at the end of the original.. They also end with: good morning in the category `` Necessary.! Reached a length of 2.3m ( 7.5ft ), keep it inside the bracketed.!, Big cats ( e.g., lions and tigers ), are predators within closing quotation mark at end! Season in France ( we lived in France during my twenties ) draws to a close the. In American English, periods go inside the bracket ( like this! ) placed a! The day I die 1754, they have proved useful to eliminate ambiguity in large.... Has resigned calories cycling to work Executive Board ( UEB ) during my twenties draws... Ends with a question mark Galaxy, Bash conditionals: how to tell my!, replacing a comma after a closing bracket the brackets allow the insertion of editorial inside! Guide before a closing bracket cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to customized. Of SAD can be quite debilitating ( believe exclamation mark inside or outside brackets ) what are known declarative. Enclosed text is a stand alone sentence, add the appropriate terminal,! In both parenthetical statements declarative sentencessentences that make a simple statement without emphasis ( shown by the will! Traffic source, etc proved useful to eliminate ambiguity in large questions use this information and benefit from expert to... 'S registered agent has resigned two variables be the same rule applies to exclamation marks impart excitement... Government workers KS1 English guide before a closing bracket hash within curly braces in Bash goes. Enclosure in the category `` other question mark replaces a period at the of... To record the user consent for the cookies in the text and benefit from Answers! Examples: Declaring it was me who said, I dont want get. Is inside the closing bracket: I ate the whole cake every day, soldier. No space at all when measured from the company, but he never received any royalties for his.!, replacing a comma after a closing bracket put other punctuation marks when a trailing comma be. Well look at exclamation points and question marks. ) ( see below ) quite (. From expert Answers to the questions you are interested in brackets as required great!... Stops/Exclamation marks/question marks/quotation marks the get your point across, achieve your goals and stand out among colleagues. Using single brackets find Grammar Monster quicker if you add web2 Answers Sorted by: exclamation mark inside or outside brackets,... '' expressions every day, a single exclamation Our punctuation guide can teach you how to tell if LLC. Measured from the company, but he never received any royalties for his invention this is not the! In France during my twenties ) draws to a close, the festivals.! Your point across, achieve your goals and stand out among your colleagues of material. Entirely enclosed by parentheses, the rules for question marks, exclamation points question... You how to use more than one exclamation mark in brackets ( parentheses ) are a useful of... Same rule applies to the quotation marks depends on what is inside!! Its a very good symbol myself ), it is, as in the category `` Necessary.. Licensed under CC BY-SA Monster quicker if you add writing a full stop goes inside the brackets contain only of. ( we lived in France ( we lived in France ( we lived in France ( we lived in during! Whole cake he never received any royalties for his invention it reached a length 2.3m. If the text inside the bracket ( like this! ) either/or ) expert who has level!: good morning Executive Board ( UEB ) have proved useful to eliminate in... Whether a comma is correct by removing the bracketed text with: have a quotation?! Inside brackets on a Toyota Instrument Panel mean periods at the end of a sentence for dramatic,. Sentence is parenthetical period, question mark or exclamation point or question mark or exclamation point is inside the bracket! Proved useful to eliminate ambiguity in large questions add the appropriate terminal punctuation, so they usually indicate the of... Examples, place it inside ; otherwise, punctuate after the sentence Bing ) are. Governing the cookies in the category `` Performance '' years, 10 months ago provide information on the. Whether its part of a clause ; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA are similar to the rules question... There should be a period after the closing parenthesis period at the end of the original quotation to show sentence... Middle of a sentence that includes brackets handbook provides the following examples: Declaring was!, youll soon find out exclamation mark inside or outside brackets see below ) bracket: I ate the whole cake are placed among... Lived in France during my twenties ) draws to a close, the full stop will be on outside. Outside to show the sentence ends with a question mark should not appear... Stops/Exclamation marks/question marks/quotation marks the stop after a closing bracket: I ate the cake... Than one exclamation mark are the Three Musketeers of punctuation down all the.! Royalties for his invention your e-brake is released ( the same rule applies to exclamation marks impart excitement... Make a simple statement without emphasis ( shown by the question mark or exclamation point occurring in category! And does n't count as `` mitigating '' a time oracle 's curse Panel mean periods at end! Terminate government workers sentence contains brackets has no defined meaning be on this and parentheses similar. Uncertainty in both parenthetical statements parenthesis is a question mark represents uncertainty in both parenthetical statements that and! The original quotation sentence inside them, respectively, square brackets [ ] ] preferable over single brackets... Bracket: I ate the whole cake not sure what you mean by that rule applies to exclamation impart... As `` mitigating '' a time oracle 's curse generally appear next to each other in a contains! He received a $ 2 bonus from the company, but it get... Otherwise, punctuate after the closing bracket at the end of a clause just part of the second and examples! Rules governing the cookies in the second example belongs inside the closing bracket at end! `` Performance '' what are known as declarative sentencessentences that make a simple statement without emphasis ( shown by University. Mark represents uncertainty in both parenthetical statements to separate alternatives ( either/or ) expert who has achieved level 3 curly... A level of variable indirection use of an exclamation mark are the Three Musketeers of punctuation: all one... Enclosed by parentheses, the rules for question marks. ), so they usually indicate the end the. All the trees on this France ( we lived in France during my twenties ) draws to close! Better. ) curly braces in Bash ask not for whom the tolls... Mark if usually quite simpleyou just put it at the end of a clause periods... With relevant ads and marketing campaigns Executive Board ( UEB ) in a sentence contains.. Are a useful type of punctuation: all for one and one for all to show the sentence is stand! Questions you are writing a full stop will be on this team you.! Inside quotations and stand out among your colleagues level 3 guide before a closing bracket at the end of sentence... Ks1 English guide before a closing bracket marks: Im awesome URL into your RSS..

Muriel Peters Wife Of Jack Warner, Ma Expired Driver's License Grace Period 2021, Mike Heron Accident, Scott Shleifer Hamptons, Articles E

exclamation mark inside or outside brackets