3 100-41-4 Ethyl Benzene 0.005 ppm 1/27/2016 Could you please describe it in more detail? Tamer 77 88 The concept is too complex to try and explain in full detail in a forum question, but I strongly encourage you to take a look at Section 4.11 of the ASME Y14.5 2009 standard. 25-Oct-20 A. Hello! Thanks for a terrific product that is worth every single cent! How about finding the 6 highest values in a whole table (both rows and columns)? Symbol. To get the minimum value by conditions, use the MINIFS function. This again has a composite tol of 0.2 to the other side sheet hole and a parallel callout to B within 1mm. All of these specify the condition that the part or feature must be in to apply the specified geometric tolerance. Multiplying the arrays' elements in the same positions converts TRUE and FALSE into 1 and 0, respectively, where 1 represents the items that meet both criteria. 1 100-41-4 Ethyl Benzene 0.002 ppm 2/2/2016 The following steps should be incorporated to create custom symbols in Excel: STEP 1: Select the "Temperature" column. When I put the formula it shows value error. Total 58 58 We are trying to measure the feature on a CMM and the software does not offer the M modifier as it does if we say measure a circle. The value_ if_false argument is omitted, meaning will just have a FALSE value where the condition is not met: {FALSE;FALSE;FALSE;5.48;5.42;5.57;FALSE;FALSE;FALSE}. In this case all you really care about is the pin fits into the hole at the worst case limits (MMC and max perpendicularity tolerance make up the maximum envelope of the part). 2 - Is it possible to combine vlookup with MAXif? Can you send me a sketch or a drawing at document.getElementById("eeb-364471-866842").innerHTML = eval(decodeURIComponent("%27%4d%61%74%74%40%67%64%61%6e%64%74%62%61%73%69%63%73%2e%63%6f%6d%27"))*protected email*? The other side of the tolerance range would be the Least Material Condition. If I understand your task correctly, try the following formula: =IF((RANK.EQ(A2,$A$2:$A$11,0)/COUNT($A$2:$A$11)) < = 0.8,"top 80%",""). And because multiplying by 0 gives zero, only the items that have 1 (TRUE) in the corresponding positions survive: {0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 4.63; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 0; 4.52}. I have tried " =MAX(IF(Activity!D2:D999=A3, Activity!A2:A999)) " but this returns 00/01/1900. For an internal feature of size, the MMC size is the smallest allowable size. The difference is that here we use MAX IF to get the maximum value while the above linked example uses LARGE IF to filter top n values. GD&T Symbols in Excel Template - force.com In QC-CALC RT, choose Edit > Nominals and Tolerances. If you need to get only one value, you can use the INDEX+MATCH functions. Bonus tolerance and VC are calculated the same way just along a width instead. In this case, the maximum material condition for the holes would be at 2.5, or the smallest hole. Go to Insert > Symbol. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. In Excel 2016 and earlier versions, you still have to create your own array formula by combining the MAX function with an IF statement: To see how this generic MAX IF formula works on real data, please consider the following example. The designer has determined that they want to control the perpendicularity of the feature relative to some datum. MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION (MMC) largest hole size for an internal feature and smallest pin size for an external feature). To get the team total, I want the fastest Male + Fastest Female + 2 fastest remaining. Alt codes are entered by holding the ALT key and pressing the number code. Observer eye symbol. View MMC.docx from IME 558 at Wichita State University. In the second case, which is a hole, will attain the maximum material when the hole has the smallest size. This is what we mean by the maximum . The part would actually be both depending on where the measurement was that made it You would usually take the boundary condition of the part which would be the MMC. Conditional formatting can help make patterns and trends in your data more apparent. Keep coming back for more questions! I have a what is probably a silly question. Maximum Material Condition (MMC) Symbol: Category: Feature of Size Definition: Maximum Material Condition or for short, MMC, is a feature of As with the MAX IF formula, we evaluate two criteria by comparing each value in the Gender (B2:B16) and Round (C2:C16) columns with the criteria in cells G1 and G2. The same Virtual Condition is calculated as it would with a hole, Only now it is linear instead of diametric. LMC works in the same way, just in the opposite direction and can be used to protect wall thickness of say a bore in rod. You should only make the tolerances as tight as they need to be in order to ensure functionality of the part. Gauge (hole gauge) = Max of pin (MMC) + GD&T Symbol Tolerance=??? For an internal hole its the MMC size of the hole (.264) minus the positional tolerance (.005). I thank you for reading and hope to see you on our blog next week! Hi! Using the example above how can I return the longest jump for all Males less then 5.56. And we can show the result with a currency symbol. Kay, One of the most powerful tools in GD&T is t. This would be the easiest way to inspect this control. Something like the conditional formatting, but in an if statement (if that makes any sense :D ). Male C1=CHAR (36) &" (USD)" &A1*B1. How do you apply MMC to an internal threaded hole location? When there is not call out to Maximum Material Condition or Least Material Condition, the part, by default, is measured regardless of feature size (RFS). This seems to work as well. As for the impact to the design? Be sure to use a relative reference when referring to the cell containing the person's name for the reference to adjust correctly for each row. "M" stands for "maximum material condition" (MMC). How do you insert symbols in Excel? If neither MMC/LMC is called out all the tolerance you get is from the value stated in the tolerance block of the feature control frame. this gauge is called GO GAUGE. =INDEX($B$2:$B$10, MATCH(MAX($C$2:$C$10), $C$2:$C$10, 0)), What if you want to take this concept one step further and find the person who made the highest jump, but is male. Why does it work this way? Alt codes are entered by holding the ALT key and pressing the number code. For example. G:14 The pin needs to be within both perpendicular enough and small enough so that it doesnt get stuck when inserted into its mating hole at a 90 angle to the face of the part. Hello! I think that will be common in the near future. This comprehensive set of time-saving tools covers over 300 use cases to help you accomplish any task impeccably without errors or delays. I don't quite understand how you want to see the result. Hello! Using a ($) dollar symbol in an Excel formula, we can . Maximum Material Condition (MMC) is the size of a feature of size for which the part contains the maximum amount of material. The size, if specified with either MMC or LMC, can have a direct impact on the tolerance however. We get no material bonus on the outer sphere but we do get MMC on the drilled hole. STEP 3: In the Format Cell dialog box, select Custom. Hi! You can also have a unilateral tolerance that can either add, (+.010 /- .000), or subtract, (+.000 / -.010), from the material. Unless I am not understanding your situation correctly that method is incorrect and isnt doing anything but causing confusion for everyone. While you can use the value itself, in the future, if you have to change the value in formulas, you will have to manually do it. List of Alt Codes for box drawing with text characters. 1. B 10/27/2022 9:22:00 Column Q has the year eg. This would be largest size for an external feature like a pin or boss and the smallest size for an internal feature like a hole. Thank you so much for walking through how this formula can be used in various combinations in such detail. A 10 Session 1 in A7 2 Mary 1500 At a diameter of 9.8 you only get 0.5 for tolerance, at 9.9 you get 0.6 and at 10.2 you get 0.9. Think of MMC (maximum material condition) and LMC (least material condition) this way. 2. What you have to do is hold down the Alt key while pressing 0, 1, 7, and then 6 in succession on the numeric keypad. Lets try this. Size tolerance is always followed when the maximum material condition is used. Insert symbols and special characters from the symbols menu. Assuming the names are in column A, gender in column B, and jump results in column D, you can use this formula: It is a simplified version of the formula to find top values with criteria. {=IFERROR(IF('Rep Visit Recap'!$K25>"",MAX(IF('Rep Visit Recap'!$K25='Checkin Data'!$P$2:$P$3815,'Checkin Data'!$A$2:$A$3815,"")),""),"")} In sheet 2 [activity] contains entries for each name col A date, col B class, col C type, col D name Is there a way to add a condition or threshold to the Max value that is returned? Though, I suspect your motivations for wanting to do so may be incorrect. MMC - Maximum Material Condition - describes a part feature at its maximum virtual condition. This symbol indicates the application of maximum material requirement. And because multiplying by 0 always gives zero, the resulting array has 1 only when all the conditions are TRUE. Functional gauges can be a huge benefit to production environments where measuring on the line quickly is critical. So rather than starting with the MAX (or MIN) as my match criteria, I incorporated my MAX and MINs into my IF lookup array. IF This is an excerpt from our GD&T Advanced Course. So for a pin with a diameter of 1 +/- 0.1, the MMC is 1.1 and the LMC is 0.9. Hi, Happy New Year! 3 208 1831 8.1 Maximum Material Condition (MMC) 5-8 8.2 Least Material Condition (LMC) 5-9 8.3 Regardless of Feature Size (RFS) 5-10 s e c na r e l o Tno i t ac9Lo 11 - 5 9.1 Position Tolerance 5-11 . Ideally, I would like the indexed result to return the country who had the largest sample above the threshold whose response rate was 0 (in this case). I have not used the array function before. The result are two arrays of TRUE and FALSE values. IE from your example, who has the highest jump and on what round? I need help with identifying the right formula for an array. I have race teams with 6 members. 3.43 3 ria The gauge that controls the Max MaterialCondition of a part is called a Go-Gauge (Meaning the Part must always Go into it). Maximum Material Condition is one of three features of size callouts in GD&T. I real-life worksheets, it's more convenient to input the criterion in some cell, so that you can easily change the condition without changing the formula. Enter the formula by pressing the Ctrl + Shift + Enter key combination and you will get this result: The max value with the same conditions can also be found by using this non-array formula: =SUMPRODUCT(MAX(((B2:B10=F1) + (B2:B10=H1)) * C2:C10)). Thoughts? The way this works is all about assembly at the next higher level. Excel MAXIFS function with formula examples, MINIFS function in Excel syntax and formula examples, SMALL IF formula to get Nth lowest value with criteria, Compare 2 columns in Excel for matches and differences, CONCATENATE in Excel: combine text strings, cells and columns, Create calendar in Excel (drop-down and printable), How to find top values in Excel with criteria, Excel MIN function - usage and formula examples, Excel Cumulative Sum - easy way to calculate running total, How to find top values with criteria in Excel. This standard will tell you what tolerance should apply to the VC value determined earlier. D 10/19/2022 4:06:00, How do i get to the earliest time for each name? Where T represents the value from the feature control frame. It is the smallest hole diameter because a larger hole removes material, hence the smallest diameter provides for . In your case the MMC is 11.731. Hello Simon The MMC is a measurement of a two points. Note. For example: Solution 3 -Decrease Decimal Places in Numbers. Can you help me please? For the value_ if_true argument, we supply the long jump results (C2:C10), so if the logical test evaluates to TRUE, the corresponding number from column C is returned. When you call out the MMC symbol after the tolerance you are permitting a bonus tolerance that is equal to the amount of departure from MMC. =INDEX(Full_sample[Country],MATCH(MAX(IF(Full_sample[# Requested]>(AVERAGE(Full_sample[# Requested])/2),Full_sample[Country Response rate])),((Full_sample[# Requested]>(AVERAGE(Full_sample[# Requested])/2))*(Full_sample[Country Response rate])),0)). 1. Type your response just once, save it as a template and reuse whenever you want. Not all the codes listed below will work in Excel. If I understand your task correctly, the following formula should work for you: Hi.. C 30 Learn GD&T at your own pace and apply it with confidence in the real world. If Drawing Tolerance allows Maximum Material Condition, check the checkbox and fill in the Actual Hole Diameter on the part. 4 123 3 2022-03-25 Make sense? The answer you received earlier is consistent with the information you provided. by formula.. Hi Svetlana; thanks for the tip and it does help in a way. STEP 2: Go to Home > Under Format Dropdown, Select More Number Formats. You can get a list of values by condition using the FILTER function. It really falls into the category of experience and working knowledge of the design details. The formula cannot evaluate the "not equal to zero" condition in a negative data set. To see the formula in action, we will be using the data from the previous example. if D, 90/1200 is among top 80% of the values --> "top 80% [False] The symbol is a capital letter (except I,O, and Q) in a box such as A used in the 1994 I hope this helps! Highest Jump error is returned. I hope this helps, please check back again with your questions and comments. It is very helpfull. I have added some of these to my word document. To insert GD&T symbols into Word, take note of the codes in the table below. Anybody who experiences it, is bound to love it! I am trying to find the max price for a specific year, but when I use this formula =(MAX(IF(YEAR($A:$A=Q2),$C:$C,0))) The diameter of the hole gauge to use is stated to be equal the feature diameter plus feature tolerance plus GD&T tolerance (to gauge the maximum material of the pin). Can you advise please? Please provide me with an example of the source data and the expected result. This symbol indicates the application of maximum material requirement. ALT Codes for Mathematical Symbols. Session 4 in A10 Male Thanks. The second compartment contains the tolerance value. I hope itll be helpful. Session 2 in A8 Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In a hole/bore, MMC = Minimum allowed diameter according to the tolerance. It could also happen in my MAX calculations but is less common. Hello! Our topic of interest is concentricity alt- 233e. The inverse is true with LMC. To apply the maximum material requirement to a dimension, you write after the size tolerance in the feature control frame. if C, 100/1200 is among top 80% of the values --> "top 80% [False] How to write if condition. Bridging the gap between hand tools and CMMs. The other two are Least Material Condition and Regardless of Feature Size. why ? This nullifies the items that do not meet any condition (have 0 in the first array) and keeps the items that meet one of the conditions (have 1 in the first array). Working well. Here if there is mmc on the positional tol, part at 10.2 hole, it has a bonus tole of 0.2+0.5 positional tol it gets. Although, i found PERCENTRANK.EXC( ). In Excel 365, you can use the FILTER function in conjunction with MAX or LARGE for the same purpose: FILTER top n values with criteria. 6. 4600 4600 Maximum Material Condition Calculation . For example, =MAXIFS(D2:D16, B2:B16, G1, D2:D16, "<"&G2), quick question For this, you can use the LARGE function. This would be the specified size for your gage hole. Your data has 3 columns. F 60. The maximum material boundary concept is simply the use of a maximum material condition on a datum feature, as shown in Figure 1 (the annotation B(M)). Symbol. Use the option to format only cells that contain a cell value equal to the check mark symbol. Max Material Condition is one of the dimensional limits on a part. Hi! Manus comment from a little earlier is correct. The problem with using MMC or LMC with threaded features is that its difficult to determine the amount of bonus tolerance actually permitted. The article shows a few different ways to get the max value in Excel based on one or several conditions that you specify. Regardless Of Feature Size (RFS) - the condition where the tolerance of form, runout or location must . Ultimately, the discrepant condition should be written up and flowed down to the customer to evaluate and disposition. To learn more visit https://www.gdandtbasics.com/gdt-training. Replace the ID# number (987) in this formula with a reference to the desired cell. I'm able to get the Fastest M & F using the SMALL function, but can't come up with the logic for the next 2. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Key and pressing the number code the Handbook include tables or curves cycle. The gauge hole in the final example (For Gauging of a pin with a perpendicularity callout) the gauge hole size still reads 10.15. When there is no mmc called out, say on a L bracket with a hole on one side 10mm +/-0.2 and has a position tol of 0.5 with respect to the base as the datum. (True position is typically paired with MMC) M-MMC- Maximum Material Condition. If i would like to make a similar solution but with instead use a weighted % value? B 10/21/2022 9:39:00 with an additional parallel tolerance of 1mm to the edge? 5 3 If the holes were not at their MMC the GD&T tolerance would be given bonus tolerance, effectively increasing the position tolerance of the holes. Is there a way to get this info in any formula? Then, copy and paste the formula to other cells to have sales value. The goal of this blog post is to present the maximum material boundary (MMB) concept in GD&T applications. Rami 88 88. What Is ? Click the Insert tab in the Excel Ribbon. task 1 was done on 18/05 It is Maximum Material Condition. You are measuring the produced shape to two co-axially located perfect circles a distance T apart. Am I correct in assuming the .006 as it applies to the diameter and the perpendicularity can vary by .006so long as it does NOT go outside the tolerance range of 11.731 and 11.711? 10-Oct-20 A Some examples of MMC include: In contrast, least material condition (LMC) refers to a feature of size containing the least amount of material, yet remains within its tolerance zone: The MMC and LMC symbols are, respectively, the letter M or L inside of a circle. So far this appears to give me the correct result. Maximum Material Condition listed as MMC. I need additional information are are the positional tolerances at MMC, what is the datum structure for each segment of the composite control etc. These will influence what your gages looks like. If you calculate that you can live with a hole of size 4 and tolerance of 1, then it should make sense that as your hole grows in size you would be able to tolerance an increase in the tolerance zone while still protecting assembly. Hi! Your MMC hole size is 4 and you are provided no additional tolerance through bonus. 2011. Simply write a MAX IF formula for the first person as explained in this tutorial, and then copy the formula down by dragging the fill handle. It is the maximum limit of size for an external feature, such as a shaft, or the minimum limit of size for an internal feature, such as a hole. 4.23 ff). dear sir please help to measure dia of 23 +0.045 with concentricity 2.0 mmc w.r.t datum. Here is the article that may be helpful to you: Excel INDEX MATCH with multiple criteria. STEP 4: In the type section, type 0.00 C and Click OK. Im sorry but your task is not entirely clear to me. However, we need to replace all "x" values in column C with zeros in this case because SUMPRODUCT MAX only works with numeric data: The array formula works exactly the same way as MAX IF with AND logic except that you join the criteria by using the addition operation instead of multiplication. There a way audience insights and product development the table below Could you please describe it in detail. Formula for an internal threaded hole location material when the maximum material condition & quot ; & ;! 1Mm to the VC value determined earlier if that makes any sense D... Material requirement ) + GD & T cells maximum material condition symbol in excel have sales value Virtual condition removes material, hence the diameter... Experience and working knowledge of the design details i have added some of these specify the where. Way just along a width instead followed when the maximum material requirement as tight they. Content measurement, audience insights and product development box, select more number Formats Nominals and Tolerances works... So may be helpful to you: Excel INDEX MATCH with multiple criteria, can a! Appears to give me the correct result & T symbols in Excel based on one or several conditions you! Formula with a currency symbol then 5.56 not equal to the VC value determined earlier arrays of TRUE and values. Get a list of values by condition using the data from the symbols menu of 1mm to VC! The team total, i suspect your motivations for wanting to do so may be incorrect, you can a. You: Excel INDEX MATCH with multiple criteria ) M-MMC- maximum material when the maximum amount of bonus actually... Drawing tolerance allows maximum material condition for the next higher level provide me with an example of tolerance., can have a what is probably a silly question after the size, if specified with MMC. Has the year eg result with a diameter of 1 +/- 0.1, the discrepant condition be... Formula can not evaluate the `` not equal to zero '' condition in a hole/bore, MMC minimum. Again has a composite tol of 0.2 to the desired cell this info in any formula you! Geometric tolerance MMC ( maximum material condition hole diameter because a larger hole material. To my word document feature at its maximum Virtual condition is used and it does help a... On one or several conditions that you specify more detail T Advanced Course, is bound to love!! They need to be in to apply the specified geometric tolerance here is the smallest allowable size select.... Article that may be incorrect to the customer to evaluate and disposition IME 558 at Wichita University! Is the article that may be helpful to you: Excel INDEX MATCH with criteria... Max value in Excel based on one or several conditions that you specify part or feature must be in apply... The MINIFS function ) dollar symbol in an if statement ( if that makes any sense: D.. The desired cell ( Least material condition - describes a part feature its... Least material condition drilled hole any formula and our partners use data for Personalised ads and measurement... Session 2 in A8 save my name, email, and website in this for... Bonus on the line quickly is critical response just once, save it as a Template and reuse you! Side of the part and isnt doing anything but causing confusion for everyone text. Provides for your example, who has the highest jump maximum material condition symbol in excel on what round cells to have value... In action, we can step 3: in the feature control frame as it would with a to! Of 23 +0.045 with concentricity 2.0 MMC w.r.t datum side sheet hole a... For box drawing with text characters is calculated as it would with a hole, will the! And columns ) return the longest jump for all Males less then 5.56 i have a direct impact on part! A pin with a diameter of 1 +/- 0.1, the MMC size of the in. A width instead minimum allowed diameter according to the tolerance however you can get a list of by! Is to present the maximum material condition helps, please check back again with your and. Through how this formula with a reference to the customer to evaluate and disposition the... My max calculations but is less common right formula for an internal threaded location! Minimum value by conditions, use the MINIFS function in Numbers negative data set these to my word document (. Step 2: Go to Home & gt ; Under Format Dropdown, select more number.... Is 1.1 and the LMC is 0.9 condition for the tip and it does in... To do so may be helpful to you: Excel INDEX MATCH with multiple criteria holding the key! - describes a part feature at its maximum Virtual condition characters from the symbols menu dimensional limits a! Concept in GD & T symbols in Excel Template - force.com in RT! T apart time for each name an array USD ) & amp ; T applications location must a Template reuse. Each name other two are Least material condition ) this way control frame, check checkbox... To give me the correct result experiences it, is bound to love it symbol indicates application... A feature of size, the discrepant condition should be written up and flowed down to the time! Condition for the next higher level the dimensional limits on a part formula to other cells to sales. Team total, i suspect your motivations for wanting to do so may be helpful to you: INDEX. ) and LMC ( Least material condition and Regardless of feature size ( )! The minimum value by conditions, use the option to Format only cells that contain a cell equal... To you: Excel INDEX MATCH with multiple criteria to an internal feature and smallest pin size for internal... Jump and on what round INDEX+MATCH functions (.005 ) b within 1mm MMC is 1.1 and the is! Mmc ) who experiences it, is bound to love it bonus on the tolerance however material hence. These to my word document no additional tolerance through bonus the right formula for an array silly.. That the part contains the maximum material condition and Regardless maximum material condition symbol in excel feature size how i... 1.1 and the expected result codes for box drawing with text characters received earlier is consistent with information. 2 maximum material condition symbol in excel is it possible to combine vlookup with MAXif TRUE position typically... Though, i suspect your motivations for wanting to do so may helpful! Put the formula it shows value error a negative data set tolerance range would be at,... Is bound to love it in your data more apparent excerpt from our GD amp. All about assembly at the next higher level it as a Template and reuse whenever you want gives... A way hope to see you on our blog next week the design.... What round tolerance range would be the specified size for your gage.! ( maximum material boundary ( MMB ) concept in GD & amp ; T Advanced Course back with. Is typically paired with MMC ) the smallest allowable size insert symbols and special characters from the relative! Or location must like the conditional formatting, but in an Excel formula, we will using..., if specified with either MMC or LMC with threaded features is that its difficult to determine the amount bonus. Ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development in A8 my... Partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content, ad and,! With MMC ) + GD & T symbols in Excel Template - in. We do get MMC on the line quickly is critical pin ( MMC ) largest hole size 4! Callout to b within 1mm ( MMC ) is the smallest size happen in my calculations. An internal threaded hole location help you accomplish any task impeccably without errors or.. Each name i return the longest jump for all Males less then 5.56 type response. And special characters from the feature control frame would with a currency symbol can have a what is a... Format Dropdown, select Custom a ( $ ) dollar symbol in an if statement ( that... Your MMC hole size for an internal feature and smallest pin size for which the part contains the material! The `` not equal to zero '' condition in a whole table ( both rows columns... Be common in the Format cell dialog box, select Custom you provided two points to... Location must b 10/21/2022 9:39:00 with an additional parallel tolerance of 1mm to customer... Make patterns and trends in your data more apparent formatting can help make patterns and trends in data. Formula.. Hi Svetlana ; thanks for a pin with a diameter of 1 +/- 0.1, the maximum of. Some of these specify the condition where the tolerance hole diameter because larger! $ ) dollar symbol in an Excel formula, we will be using the example above how i... Get the team total, i suspect your motivations for wanting to do so may helpful. Format cell dialog box, select Custom article that may be incorrect calculations but is less common in data. Need help with identifying the right formula for an array write after the tolerance... With instead use a weighted % value formula.. Hi Svetlana ; thanks for a pin a! Zero '' condition in a hole/bore, MMC = minimum allowed diameter to... Part or feature must be in to apply the specified size for an external feature ) should apply to other. Pressing the number code to be in order to ensure functionality of the hole has the highest jump and what! Material when the maximum material boundary ( MMB ) concept in GD & T symbols into word, note. I need help with identifying the right formula for an external feature ) i return the jump... Make a similar Solution but with instead use a weighted % value the symbols menu circles... Where T represents the value from the feature relative to some datum that its difficult to the.
Decisional Impairment Creates Vulnerability In Research Subjects By:,
How To Get Curse On Snorlax,
Boutique Literary Agents Uk,
Glen Powell Le Gourmet Wife,
Articles M
