[2] There seems to have been a northern campaign to Britannia that was aborted. In fact, they found out almost immediately. 1958 Jul;2(3):202-9. doi: 10.1017/s0025727300023759. Caligulas edicts became more and more arbitrary and capricious in nature, and baffled his Senate. The boy was the sixth son in the family, and then Agrippina gave birth to three more daughters. [67] He replaced the consul and had several senators put to death. [120] Caligula considered Chaerea effeminate because of a weak voice and for not being firm with tax collection. [54], Despite financial difficulties, Caligula embarked on a number of construction projects during his reign. [136] At one time, there were detailed contemporaneous histories on Caligula, but they are now lost. en.wikipedia.org 615 25 r/ancientrome Join 4 mo. In this game one of the cards states "Fact: In 37 CE, Caligula was diagnosed with 'brain fever' and soon thereafter began forcing many people including his father-in-law, to commit suicide." [14]The card suggests that Caligula somehow transformed suddenly into a mad tyrant. He staged a number of chariot races, beast hunts, entertainments, and spectacles in order to amuse the inhabitants of the city. Josephus describes Caligula's improvements to the harbours at Rhegium and Sicily, allowing increased grain imports from Egypt, as his greatest contributions. When several client kings came to Rome to pay their respects to him and argued about their nobility of descent, he allegedly cried out the Homeric line:[81] "Let there be one lord, one king. [9][16] An observer said of Caligula, "Never was there a better servant or a worse master! [45] His nephew Nero both envied and admired the fact that Gaius had run through the vast wealth Tiberius had left him in so short a time. "Brain fever" came to mean an inflamed brainone characterized by headache, flushed skin, delirium, and sensitivity to light and sound. At this During the 69AD Roman Civil War, four Roman Legions Press J to jump to the feed. When he arrived at the age of manhood he endured fatigue tolerably well. [70] A conspiracy involving his brother-in-law was foiled in late 39. Careers. [17] Suetonius claims that Caligula was already cruel and vicious: he writes that when Tiberius brought Caligula to Capri, his purpose was to allow Caligula to live in order that he "prove the ruin of himself and of all men, and that he was rearing a viper for the Roman people and a Phaethon for the world. Caligula also made a significant attempt at expanding into Britannia. October, 37 CE: Caligula fell seriously ill, with what was described at the time as a brain fever; there was great mourning in Rome, and much joy at his recovery. Mental health of UK Members of Parliament in the House of Commons: a cross-sectional survey. He has written for 8 years in a variety of fields including history, health and politics. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (August 31, 12 - January 24, 41), more commonly known by his nickname Caligula, was the third Roman Emperor and a member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, ruling from 37 to 41. He states that both the elder Gaius Julius Caesar (Julius Caesar) and the younger Gaius Julius Caesar (Caligula) were stabbed 30 times by conspirators led by a man named Cassius (Cassius Longinus and Cassius Chaerea respectively). [3] Gaius had two older brothers, Nero and Drusus,[2] and three younger sisters, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla and Julia Livilla. He published the accounts of public funds, which had not been made public during the reign of Tiberius. [58] Later, he began the construction of aqueducts Aqua Claudia and Anio Novus, which Pliny the Elder considered to be engineering marvels. Whether this change was an effect of the illness, as some sources claim, or whether his true nature began to assert itself once he felt securely in charge, is unclear. [15] Roman historians describe Caligula as an excellent natural actor who recognised the danger he was in, and hid his resentment towards Tiberius. Rome waited in horror, praying that . [102], Philo of Alexandria and Seneca the Younger, contemporaries of Caligula, describe him as an insane emperor who was self-absorbed and short-tempered, killed on a whim, and indulged in too much spending and sex. Philo reports it was nothing more than a nervous breakdown, as Caligula wasn't used to the pressures of constant attention after being out of the public eye for most of his life. The Germanic guard killed several assassins and conspirators, along with some innocent senators and bystanders. [50], According to Suetonius, in the first year of Caligula's reign he squandered 2.7billion sesterces that Tiberius had amassed. Caligula's death marked the official end of the Julii Caesares in the male line, though the Julio-Claudian dynasty continued to rule until the demise of his nephew, Nero. An official website of the United States government. Suetonius described Caligula as sickly-looking, skinny and pale: "he was tall, very pale, ill-shaped, his neck and legs very slender, his eyes and temples hollow, his brows broad and knit, his hair thin, and the crown of the head bald. Philo's works, On the Embassy to Gaius and Flaccus, give some details on Caligula's early reign, but mostly focus on events surrounding the Jewish population in Judea and Egypt with whom he sympathizes. When Germanicus died under suspicious circumstances, Agrippina boldly accused one of his rivals of poisoning him. Gaius Caesar, now known to history as the third Roman emperor Caligula, was the son of the popular general and dynastic heir, Germanicus, and great grandson of Augustus through his mother. Translations in context of "brain fever" in English-French from Reverso Context: I fear it's another brain fever. "Dr Who star David Tennant given his big break by Midland theatre boss". [53] A brief famine of unknown extent occurred, perhaps caused by this financial crisis, but Suetonius claims it resulted from Caligula's seizure of public carriages;[46] according to Seneca, grain imports were disrupted because Caligula re-purposed grain boats for a pontoon bridge. [2][4] At the age of two or three, Gaius accompanied his father, Germanicus, on campaigns in the north of Germania. Poulter D, Votruba N, Bakolis I, Debell F, Das-Munshi J, Thornicroft G. BMJ Open. Find out whether the much-maligned emperor was as crazy as they say. One of the wrecks included a lead pipe bearing the inscription Property of Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus. It is uncertain whether it was Allied or German troopswho cause the fire thatlargely destroyed the ships in 1944. [138] Cluvius Rufus was a senator involved in the assassination of Caligula. Caligula is often remembered as a selfish and capricious ruler whose ineptitude weakened the Roman empire during his four-year reign. Although Gaius was named after Gaius Julius Caesar, he acquired the nickname "Caligula" ("little caliga", a type of military boot) from his father's soldiers during their campaign in Germania. [69] Suetonius reports that other senators were degraded by being forced to wait on him and run beside his chariot. [65] The ships burned in 1944 after an attack in the Second World War; almost nothing remains of their hulls, though many archaeological treasures remain intact in the museum at Lake Nemi and in the Museo Nazionale Romano (Palazzo Massimo) at Rome. [74] The first known equestrian governor of the two provinces was Marcus Fadius Celer Flavianus, in office in 44. [11][12] The adolescent Caligula was sent to live with his great-grandmother (Tiberius' mother), Livia;[9] After her death, he was sent to live with his grandmother Antonia Minor. Gaetulicus, a poet, produced a number of flattering writings about Caligula, but they are lost. She then starved herself to death while in prison, four years before her son Caligula came into power. Quotes tagged as "caligula" Showing 1-16 of 16. Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (31 August 12 24 January 41), better known by his nickname Caligula (/kljl/), was the third Roman emperor, ruling from 37 until his assassination in 41. At the other end of the spectrum is Emperor Caligula who the historian Suetonius (c. 69 - c. 130/140 CE) simply calls a monster. According to Josephus, Chaerea had political motivations for the assassination. And so, when the respected general Germanicus brought his son Gaius on campaign, the tyke sported soldiers footwear, or caligae, scaled down to his size. Could happen after a stroke, from an infection, tumor. [27] He accepted the powers of the principate and entered Rome on 28 March amid a crowd that hailed him as "our baby" and "our star", among other nicknames. The Portal for Public History. Occasionally he was liable to faintness, during which he remained incapable of any effort". The two older brothers of Gaius were Nero and Drusus. Charry-Snchez JD, Velez-VAN-Meerbeke A, Palacios-Snchez L. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. [35][36] Caligula collected and brought back the bones of his mother and of his brothers and deposited their remains in the tomb of Augustus. [84][85], He would appear there on occasion and present himself as a god to the public. Representations of epilepsy on the stage: From the Greeks to the 20th century. [152][153] Based on scientific reconstructions of his official painted busts, Caligula had brown hair, brown eyes, and fair skin. Known for his extreme extravagance, eccentricity, depravity and cruelty, he is remembered as a despot. If the illness caused his madness, then it is easy to see how dangerous it can be to concentrate power in one man. [97] Jews were accused of not honouring the emperor. So, there are chances that some rivals and historians may have incorporated falsehoods and personal biases to defame Caligula. A prominent figure in political circles, she also spoke out against Augustus successor Tiberius, whom she hated. Soon the soldiers gave him the affectionate nickname Caligula, which meant little boots owing to the caligae or small boots that he wore. All this came to an end when Julius Caesar, a successful and popular Roman general and governor, famously crossed the Rubicon river and descended on Rome with his army, something expressly forbidden. However, Gilfillan's work has been criticized by many disci-plines, who point out that some other factors contributed to the fall of Rome13. His predecessors, Octavius Augustus and Tiberius, had enjoyed long reigns of relative peace and prosperity. March, 37 CE: At about 25 years old, Caligula was named Rome's third emperor, the first direct descendant of Augustus to take the throne (click here for a coin on which Caligula emphasizes this relationship). Claudius granted a general amnesty, although he executed a few junior officers involved in the conspiracy, including Chaerea. His parents were Germanicus and Agrippina the Elder , and he was one of six children, with siblings named Nero, Drusus, Agrippina the Younger, Julia Drusilla, and Julia Livilla. 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