[127], Berkeley has been a Democratic stronghold in presidential elections since 1960, becoming one of the most Democratic cities in the country. Looking west over the city from the Berkeley Hills, with, Location of Berkeley in Alameda County, California, Location within Alameda County, California. In 20072008, Berkeley received media attention due to demonstrations against a Marine Corps recruiting office in downtown Berkeley and a series of controversial motions by Berkeley's city council regarding opposition to Marine recruiting. The Shattuck line was extended and connected with two other Berkeley lines (the Ninth Street Line and the California Street line) at Solano and Colusa (the "Colusa Wye"). And it is Berkeley's colonialist verse that inspired the naming of our city, and which today is commemorated by Founders' Rock on the university campus: 'Westward the Course of Empire Takes its Way'. [101] On December 15, 1962, the Northbrae Tunnel was opened to auto traffic.[102]. Most of Berkeley's neighborhoods are primarily made up of detached houses, often with separate in-law units in the rear, although larger apartment buildings are also common in many neighborhoods. There were 17,018 (13.7%) of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race. You must apply and be admitted to one The huge and heavy cars specially built for these lines were called the "Red Trains" or the "Big Red Cars". jperloff@Berkeley.Edu . Notable former businesses include pioneer bookseller Cody's Books, The Nature Company, The North Face, Clif Bar energy foods, the Berkeley Co-op, and Caffe Mediterraneum. Connect with us online, by phone, or in person. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race. Nancy Skinner became the first UC Berkeley student elected to City Council. WebMasters Degree Progress. Likewise, the E, G and the H. Before the Bridge, these lines were simply the Shattuck Avenue Line, the Claremont Line, the Westbrae Line, and the Sacramento Street Line, respectively. American Studies Quick View. This era also saw major developments in Berkeley's environmental and food culture. Bloomberg's Cash Didn't Hurt", "Police report mistakes, challenges in Berkeley protests", "BPD chief: Lessons learned in 2014 'Black Lives Matter' protests guided us during Milo demonstrations", "Violence by far-left protesters in Berkeley sparks alarm", "Heavy Police Presence Keeps Berkeley Coulter Protests Peaceful", "People's Park protesters arrested by UC Berkeley police before removal of trees", "Opinion: Berkeley is named after a slaveholder. WebUC Berkeley has an incredible reputation. Board Meetings 2021-2022. Gain job experience and professional references, fulfill community service hours. For his services to the King of Spain, he was granted a vast stretch of land on the east shore of San Francisco Bay (the contra costa, "opposite shore") for a ranch, including that portion that now comprises the City of Berkeley. Above these last three neighborhoods, on the western slopes of the Berkeley Hills are the neighborhoods of Cragmont and La Loma Park, notable for their dramatic views, winding streets, and numerous public stairways and paths. Berkeley City College is a community college in the Peralta Community College District. Berkeley has a number of distinct neighborhoods. For cities such as Berkeley, where rent-control was already in place, the law limited the use of rent-control to units built before the local rent-control law was enacted, i.e. Winter is punctuated with rainstorms of varying ferocity and duration, but also produces stretches of bright sunny days and clear cold nights. [33] In that period, Berkeleyespecially Telegraph Avenuebecame a focal point for the hippie movement, which spilled over the Bay from San Francisco. campus began to build up to the recognizable activism of the sixties. Using alternative transportation is encouraged. University Avenue runs from Berkeley's bayshore and marina in the west to the University of California campus in the east. According to O'Connell, "Berkeley's writings express other repugnant ideas, including his proposal to open a missionary school for the purpose of converting the 'American heathen', whom Berkeley proposed to kidnap if peaceful methods of separating them from their parents proved unsuccessful. One who moved out, but played a big role in the outcome of the war, was U.C. Berkeley has one of the highest rates of bicycle and pedestrian commuting in the nation. After the Southern Pacific abandoned transbay service in 1941, the Key System acquired the rights to use its tracks and catenary on Shattuck north of Dwight Way and through the Northbrae Tunnel to The Alameda for the F-train. 165 buildings in Berkeley are designated as local landmarks or local structures of merit. Of these, 49 are listed in the National Register of Historic Places, including: Historic districts listed in the National Register of Historic Places: See List of Berkeley Landmarks, Structures of Merit, and Historic Districts, Berkeley is home to the Chilean-American community's La Pea Cultural Center, the largest cultural center for this community in the United States. The Berkeley High campus was designated a historic district by the National Register of Historic Places on January 7, 2008. (The Rose Street Undercrossing is not accessible to the public, being situated between what is now two backyards.) About 7.2% of families and 18.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.2% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. Electric streetcars soon replaced the horsecar. There were 12,209 people (10.8%) of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, of any race. Artist and critic Jennie V. Cannon described the founding of the Berkeley Art Association and the rivalries of competing studios and art clubs. [22], Berkeley's slow growth ended abruptly with the Great San Francisco earthquake of 1906. campus. The public began to realize that homelessness affected not only single men, but also women, children, and entire families. Notable businesses include Chez Panisse, birthplace of California cuisine, Peet's Coffee's original store, the Claremont Resort, punk rock haven 924 Gilman, Saul Zaentz's Fantasy Studios, and Caffe Strada. It lies in the Vale of Berkeley between the east bank of the River Severn and the M5 motorway. Sign Up for Our Newsletter; Get alerted about emergencies; Footer. 1984 saw the Progressives take the majority for the first time. ", The city of Berkeley has historically been a central location for homeless communities in the Bay Area. Berkeley's location directly opposite the Golden Gate ensures that typical eastward fog flow blankets the city more often than its neighbors. The median age was 31.0 years. Woman. [84] The summers are cooler than a typical Mediterranean climate thanks to upwelling ocean currents along the California coast. Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Berkeley include Steve Wozniak, scientists Robert Oppenheimer and Ernest Lawrence, actors Ben Affleck and Andy Samberg, Billie Joe Armstrong, lead singer of Green Day, Adam Duritz of Counting Crows, rapper Lil B, author Michael Chabon, entertainment and real estate mogul Herbie Herbert, and EDM producer KSHMR, and university presidents Blake R Van Leer and Darryll Pines. Snow has generally fallen every several years on the higher peaks of the Berkeley Hills. . The first curbside recycling program in the U.S. was started by the Ecology Center in 1973. School board members are responsible for the public schools within their respective counties. East of the Hayward Fault along the base of the hills, elevation increases more rapidly. On April 1, 1878, the people of Ocean View and the area around the university campus, together with local farmers, were granted incorporation by the State of California as the Town of Berkeley. Rev. WebGlobal. Colleges, Schools, and Divisions. A spin-off, People's Park Annex, was established at the same time by activist citizens of Berkeley on a strip of land above the Bay Area Rapid Transit subway construction along Hearst Avenue northwest of the U.C. The district has eleven elementary schools and one public high school, Berkeley High School (BHS). Study at the #1 Public Global University! [94] Males had a median income of $67,476 versus $57,319 for females. Make new friends and engage meaningfully with seniors. Order Travel Guide Berkeley brims with authentic experiences and activities to engage, expand, entertain, enthrall - sometimes even all of the above. However, the advent of U.S. sovereignty after the MexicanAmerican War, and especially, the Gold Rush, saw the Peraltas' lands quickly encroached on by squatters and diminished by dubious legal proceedings. It does not normally snow, though occasionally the hilltops get a dusting. Board Meetings 2022-2023. WebFrom 10 faculty members, 40 students and three fields of study at the time of its founding, UC Berkeley has grown to more than 1,600 faculty, 35,000 students and over 350 degree programs in 130 academic departments and 80 interdisciplinary research units. Increasing enrollment also led the university to wanting to redevelop certain places of Berkeley, especially Southside, but more specifically People's Park. 6.8% of the city's population was of Mexican ancestry. Drop off whole compostable trees at the Transfer Station for free in January or cut them up and put them in your green bin. Brilliant graduate students are a critical part of Berkeleys identity. Undergraduate Education. WebOur Students. Commercial activities are concentrated along the major avenues and at important intersections and frequently define the neighborhood within which they reside. [31] In 1950, the Census Bureau reported Berkeley's population as 11.7% black and 84.6% white. Like the SP, Key trains ran to a pier serviced by the Key's own fleet of ferryboats, which also docked at the Ferry Building in San Francisco. In 1908, a statewide referendum that proposed moving the California state capital to Berkeley was defeated by a margin of about 33,000 votes. Berkeley is strongly identified with the rapid social changes, civic unrest, and political upheaval that characterized the late 1960s. The Institute of Buddhist Studies has been located in Berkeley since 1966. Absstract. The parish includes the village of Berkeley February is normally the wettest month, averaging 5.21 inches (132mm) of precipitation. It produced a furrow in the ground along the fault line in Berkeley, across the grounds of the new State Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind then under construction, which was noted by one early University of California professor. [52], In 2019, protesters took up residence in People's Park against tree-chopping and were arrested by police in riot gear. The Great Depression hit Berkeley hard, but not as hard as many other places in the U.S., thanks in part to the university. Visiting Students Programs. A silent film of one of these early streetcars in Berkeley can be seen at the Library of Congress website. In 1911, Southern Pacific electrified this line and the several others it constructed in Berkeley, creating its East Bay Electric Lines division. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world. As construction began on the new site, more residences were constructed in the vicinity of the new campus. North of the campus is the quieter Northside neighborhood, the location of the Graduate Theological Union. The Suitcase Clinic was established in the late 1980s by undergraduate and graduate level students to provide direct medical services to the homeless and underrepresented population of Berkeley. Kriss Worthington, elected in 1996 to represent District 7, was the first openly LGBT man elected to Berkeley City Council. Their plans fell far short of their desires, and they began a collaboration with the State of California that culminated in 1868 with the creation of the public University of California. The atmosphere. [82] Photos and measurements show the movement of the fault through the stadium.[83]. Light snow has fallen on rare occasions. WebDegree Programs. WebPhD in Infectious Diseases and Immunity. In the 1950s, McCarthyism induced the university to demand a loyalty oath from its professors, many of whom refused to sign the oath on the principle of freedom of thought. This led to a 48% decline in the number of chronically homeless individuals reported in the 2009 Berkeley PIT. However, legal title to all land in the City of Berkeley remains based on the original Peralta land grant. Jan 10, 2022 - Jan 28, 2022 Description Each West Virginia county school district is under the control of the a Board of Education, which is made up of 5 non-partisan members, nominated and voted by the voters of their respective counties. [131], Berkeley became the first city in the United States to pass a sanctuary resolution on November 8, 1971.[132]. Farther from the university campus, the influence of the university quickly becomes less visible. Berkeley (/brkli/ BURK-lee) is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California, United States. Departments. Today, most of the university housing is located in District 7 (although Foothill and Clark Kerr are in Districts 6 and 8, respectively). [98] Starting in 2005 and continuing into 2006, Berkeley began to phase out mechanical meters in favor of more centralized electronic meters. [73], With the political activism of the UC, Berkeley has historically been vocal about the housing crisis that affects students and locals alike. 2023 [128] In the 2020 Presidential election, Joe Biden received 93.8% of the vote while Donald Trump received 4.0% of the vote. 2180 Milvia St, Berkeley, CA 94704. [27] Rapid growth continued up to the Crash of 1929. How does that work during a pandemic? PDFs of 8,057 issues, dating from 1911 to 1946. The battle over the disposition of People's Park resulted in a month-long occupation of Berkeley by the National Guard on orders of then-Governor Ronald Reagan. Berkeley is also part of Alameda County, for which the Government of Alameda County is defined and authorized under the California Constitution, California law, and the Charter of the County of Alameda. The last Republican presidential candidate to receive at least one-quarter of the vote in Berkeley was Richard Nixon in 1968. WebBerkeley is home to some of the worlds greatest minds leading more than 130 academic departments and 80 interdisciplinary research units and addressing the worlds most pertinent challenges. That same year, the mainline of the transcontinental railroad into Oakland was re-routed, putting the right-of-way along the bay shore through Ocean View. Remember to remove all decorations and lights. After the Bay Bridge was built, the Key trains ran to the Transbay Terminal in San Francisco, sharing tracks on the lower deck of the Bay Bridge with the SP's red trains and the Sacramento Northern Railroad. The area that became Berkeley was then the northern part of the "Oakland Township" subdivision of Alameda County. (See Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center controversy.). The lands of the brothers Domingo and Vicente were quickly reduced to reservations close to their respective ranch homes. [133] The Berkeley Barb published counter-culture news from 1965 to 1980. West of (and including) San Pablo Avenue, itself a major commercial and transport corridor, is West Berkeley, the historic commercial center of the city. Berkeleys Ohmega Salvage, famed spot for cool, funky stuff, is closing after 49 years. District Boundaries. In the 1960s, Berkeley was one of the earliest US cities to voluntarily desegregate, utilizing a system of buses, still in use. A view of the former Victorian general store that has housed antiques at Ohmega Salvage since 1997. "Downtown Berkeley Historic Resources Reconnaissance Survey", "Is this the end of single-family zoning in the Bay Area? Jenny Wong, elected in 2018, is the first Asian American City Auditor in Berkeley. [54] Daniel O'Connell argued that although city namesake George Berkeley was considered a great philosopher in his time, he owned three enslaved persons and forced them to work on his plantation in Rhode Island. In 1866, Oakland's private College of California looked for a new site. WebFind your new best friend at the Berkeley Animal Shelter. The first commuter service to San Francisco was provided by the Central Pacific's Berkeley Branch Railroad, a standard gauge steam railroad, which terminated in downtown Berkeley, and connected in Emeryville (at a locale then known as "Shellmound") with trains to the Oakland ferry pier as well as with the Central Pacific main line starting in 1876. 16,904 households (36.7%) were made up of individuals, and 4,578 (9.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. Most of these are largely culverted once they reach the plain west of the hills. [55] These laws prohibited sitting, sleeping and begging in public spaces, and outlawed panhandling from people in a variety of contexts, such as sitting on public benches, buying a newspaper from a rack, or waiting in line for a movie. Our degrees staff work with departments to track your progress from registration to graduation. [62], Stereotypes of homeless people as deviant individuals who chose to live vagrant lifestyles continued to color the discourse around street-dwellers in American cities. We are using cookies to give you the best experience on our website. Berkeley is traversed by the Hayward Fault Zone, a major branch of the San Andreas Fault to the west. Berkeley hosts car sharing networks including Uhaul Car Share, Gig Car Share, and Zipcar. [79], The 1868 Hayward earthquake did occur on the southern segment of the Hayward Fault[80] in the vicinity of today's city of Hayward. [10] Evidence of their existence in the area include pits in rock formations, which they used to grind acorns, and a shellmound, now mostly leveled and covered up, along the shoreline of San Francisco Bay at the mouth of Strawberry Creek. The county government is primarily composed of the elected five-member Board of Supervisors, other elected offices including the Sheriff/Coroner, the District Attorney, Assessor, Auditor-Controller/County Clerk/Recorder, and Treasurer/Tax Collector, and numerous county departments and entities under the supervision of the County Administrator. Applied Language Studies Quick View. Eventually, Peralta gave portions of the ranch to each of his four sons. The rest of the land was surveyed and parceled out to various American claimants (See Kellersberger's Map). In a year, there are an average of 2.9 days with highs of 90F (32C) or higher, and an average of 0.8 days with lows of 32F (0C) or lower. "Update on Berkeley Homeless Task Force Recommendations." Berkeley has a councilmanager government. During a Black Lives Matter protest on December 6, 2014, police use of tear gas and batons to clear protesters from Telegraph Avenue led to a riot and five consecutive days and nights of protests, marches, and freeway occupations in Berkeley and Oakland. To this end, they laid out a plat and street grid that became the basis of Berkeley's modern street plan. The county's health department does not cover the city. Johnson being the last Republican mayor. The land had also been intended for development, but was turned over to the city by BART and is now Ohlone Park. The University of California Police Department has opened an investigation after a human skeleton was found on the UC Berkeley campus, officials say. WE'RE HERE TO HELP. Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center controversy, State Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, List of companies based in Berkeley, California, University of California, Berkeley Libraries, Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive, Martin Luther King Middle School (Berkeley), University of California Botanical Garden, List of Berkeley Landmarks, Structures of Merit, and Historic Districts, Campus of the University of California, Berkeley, German International School of Silicon Valley, Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District (AC Transit), List of Berkeley High School (Berkeley, California) people, "California Cities by Incorporation Date", "California's 12th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map", "Mongoloid Type Skeleton is Dug Up at Berkeley", "Ohlone human remains found in trench in West Berkeley", "The Chinese workers who fought discrimination at an 1880s West Berkeley soap factory", "Trip to Berkeley, California, Lcmp003 M3a29754". [55] This recognition set the stage for the City of Berkeley's attitude towards homelessness in the next decade. A complete guide to the pathways may be found at, The Berkeley Juneteenth Festival Adeline/Alcatraz Corridor June, Berkeley Juggling and Unicycling Festival, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 17:33. ", "Progressives in Berkeley Challenged by Tradition", "Ethel Manheimer, Berkeley activist, dies", "Berkeley, CA Home Prices & Housing Information", "South Berkeley residents mobilize around plan to develop Adeline Street corridor", "Panoramic Sells Off 7 Apartment Buildings", "Berkeley becomes first US city to declare Bisexual Pride Day, support 'marginalized' group", "Berkeley Pushes a Boundary on Medical Marijuana", "How Did Berkeley Pass A Soda Tax? 207 Olympic medals. The last Red Trains ran in July 1941.[100]. The era of large public protest in Berkeley waned considerably with the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. [62] Although the City of Berkeley has moved unhoused individuals from its streets, sometimes even relocating them to an unused landfill, People's Park has remained a safe space for them since its inception. [72] In 2012, the City considered measures that banned sitting in commercial areas throughout Berkeley. professor and Berkeley resident J. Robert Oppenheimer. The well-known structural model used to estimate market power suffers from a severe collinearity problem if The per capita income for the city was $38,896. Nancy Skinner remains the only student to have served on the City Council, elected in 1984 as a graduate student. [61] Furthermore, homeless youth identifying as LGBTQ+ are exposed to greater rates of physical and sexual abuse, and higher risk for sexually-transmitted diseases, predominantly HIV. Increasing enrollment at the university led to replacement of older buildings by large apartment buildings, especially in older parts of the city near the university and downtown. Its an eclectic mix of artsy and entrepreneurial, of laidback and driven. Mystery surrounds the human remains that were recently found in a building on UC Berkeley campus . The Key System's streetcars were operated by its East Bay Street Railways division. You have discovered the ultimate guide to things to do in Berkeley, CA! The population was spread out, with 13,872 people (12.3%) under the age of 18, 30,295 people (26.9%) aged 18 to 24, 30,231 people (26.9%) aged 25 to 44, 25,006 people (22.2%) aged 45 to 64, and 13,176 people (11.7%) who were 65 years of age or older. Students and community members worked together to open a collectively run grocery store right off of the UC Berkeley campus, where the community can buy local, seasonal, humane, and organic foods. students became active in the civil rights movement. Family Friendly Berkeley Berkeley brims with authentic experiences and activities to engage, expand, entertain, enthrall - sometimes even all of the above. Calendar & School Times. The 2020 United States Census[92] reported that Berkeley had a population of 124,321. The public schools today are administered by the Berkeley Unified School District. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world. Indian Rock Park in the northeastern part of Berkeley near the Arlington/Marin Circle features a large example. [72] The measure was met with strong public opposition and did not pass. Traditional Fine Arts Organization website. [18] Then, in 1899, Berkeley residents voted to make their city an alcohol-free zone. Most of these were eventually bought up by the Key System of Francis "Borax" Smith who added lines and improved equipment. The town and other parts of the East Bay escaped serious damage, and thousands of refugees flowed across the Bay. University of California, Berkeley Libraries operates the University of California Berkeley libraries. [citation needed] Tilden Regional Park, lies east of the city, occupying the upper extent of Wildcat Canyon between the Berkeley Hills and the San Pablo Ridge. Explore city services, report issues online, pay parking tickets, Explore news and events, adopt a pet, visit acity park or pool, Get vaccinatedfor COVID-19,report a crime,access homeless services, Apply for a permit,schedule an inspection, research zoningpolicies, Apply for a business license,get business assistance,find bid & proposal opportunities, Attend a City Councilor commissionmeeting, apply for jobs,look up City holidays. Human skeletal remains have been found in a UC Berkeley building that has not been used for years, university police said Friday. In two hours, the new board fired the districts superintendent, their attorney, and banned critical-race theory in the schools. Board of Education. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 6.98 inches (177mm) on January 4, 1982. A horsecar ran from Temescal in Oakland to the university campus along what is now Telegraph Avenue. [66], The City of Berkeley's 2017 annual homeless report and point-in-time count (PIT) estimate that on a given night, 972 people are homeless. MONCKS CORNER, S.C. (WCSC) - The Berkeley County School Board voted Tuesday night to part ways with its superintendent 16 months after he started. The SP tracks along Monterey Avenue as far as Colusa had been acquired by the Key System in 1933 for the H-train, but were abandoned in 1941. The first people of European descent (most of whom were of mixed race and born in America[13]) arrived with the De Anza Expedition in 1776. Berkeley also houses Zaytuna College, the first accredited Muslim, liberal-arts college in the United States. This neighborhood and area includes the former unincorporated town of Ocean View. Exposed in the Berkeley Hills are cherts and shales of the Claremont Formation (equivalent to the Monterey Formation), conglomerate and sandstone of the Orinda Formation and lava flows of the Moraga Volcanics. The protest ended in September 2008 after a lengthy court process. Meet the 6 candidates running for Berkeley school board KaDijah Brown, Mike Chang, Tatiana Guerreiro Ramos, Norma Harrison, Reichi Lee and Jennifer Shanoski are running for three at-large seats on the BUSD school board. This, NBC News dutifully reports, caused uproar among some community members: On Tuesday evening, the Berkeley County School District in South Carolina swore in the board members who were elected last week, six of whom were endorsed Among them were most of San Francisco's painters and sculptors, who between 1907 and 1911 created one of the largest art colonies west of Chicago. [55] However, this time period was also characterized by a subtle shift in the perception of unhoused individuals. Webinars on Jan 11, 13, and 18 will outline the grant guidelines, eligibility, review criteria, and how to apply. Of similar age to the Moraga Volcanics (extinct), within the Northbrae neighborhood of Berkeley, are outcroppings of erosion resistant rhyolite. West of Elmwood is South Berkeley, known for its weekend flea market at the Ashby Station. The College of California's College Homestead Association planned to raise funds for the new campus by selling off adjacent parcels of land. [126] The county government provides countywide services, such as elections and voter registration, law enforcement, jails, vital records, property records, tax collection, and social services. Board Meetings 2018-2019. Though it is part of the city government, it qualifies for the same state funds as a county public health department.[125]. West of North Berkeley (roughly west of Sacramento and north of Cedar) is Westbrae, a small neighborhood centered on a small commercial area on Gilman Street and through which part of the Ohlone Greenway runs. During the 1880s Berkeley had segregated housing and anti-Chinese laws. These organizations have stemmed from church groups, non-profits, even the UC. The Eastshore Freeway (Interstate 80 and Interstate 580) runs along the bay shoreline. Most of Berkeley lies on a rolling sedimentary plain that rises gently from sea level to the base of the Berkeley Hills. Berkeley has a higher-than-average crime rate, particularly property crime,[95] though the crime rate has fallen significantly since 2000.[96]. Despite a slow down in 20052007, median home prices and rents remain dramatically higher than the rest of the nation,[41] fueled by spillover from the San Francisco housing shortage and population growth. It was at this time that the Key trains acquired their letter designations, which were later preserved by Key's public successor, AC Transit. Starting in 1882, Berkeley trains ran directly to the Oakland Pier. [2] The mayor is elected at-large for a four-year term and is the ceremonial head of the city and the chair of the city council. [121] Saint Mary's College High School, a Catholic school, also has its street address in Berkeley, although most of the grounds and buildings are actually in neighboring Albany. The East Bay campus of the German International School of Silicon Valley (GISSV) formerly occupied the Hillside Campus, Berkeley, California; it opened there in 2012. and How Does It Affect Me? They also discuss the possible futures of worldwide privacy regulation. The first electric rail service in Berkeley was provided by several small streetcar companies starting in 1891. [55], Following the implementation of these anti-sitting and sleeping ordinances in 1998, Berkeley increased its policing of homeless adults and youth, particularly in the shopping district surrounding Telegraph Avenue.
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