other people? uncontrolled?). This does not occur much in real life and the knowledge that the participants were taking part in a study may have affected how they created memories. so the results shouldnt be affected no matter who you are and where you are from. This means that eyewitness testimony could be biased by the way questions are asked after the crime is committed. Elizabeth Loftus is an American cognitive psychologist and expert on human memory. the different verbs used, hit, smashed or control. As a result, Loftus and Palmers study is considered a laboratory experiment due to the fact that researchers manipulated and measured variables in an artificial environment, in this case to examine how leading questions may affect eyewitness testimony. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Very good Matt lots of detail and all of this is useful, fab! The main focus was the influence of misleading information when it came to visual imagery and wording of questions towards the eyewitness testimony. People who got the verb smashed The general conclusion that Loftus & Palmer made from the two experiments is that the way in which questions about In this example, I didnt know exactly what I saw, but I used my previous knowledge to make a guess about what I saw. [CDATA[ A strength of the study is it's easy to replicate (i.e. The addition of false details to a memory of an event is referred to as confabulation. They found that misleading information did not alter the memory of people who had witnessed a real armed robbery. The results received from the study were quantitative. memory hypothesis - arguing that information gathered at the www.simplypsychology.org/loftus-palmer.html, Devlin Committee Report: Report of the Committee on Evidence of Identification in Criminal Cases, 1976 Cmnd 338 134/135, 42. They concluded that there was two possibilities for this question or a verb, or even something that has nothing to do with the study can have a massive impact on how a person reacts answer. can happen at any time. An example of an eyewitness testimony can be when an eyewitness can give evidence to the police about a robbery that may have happened. which meant everything was controlled such as any extraneous variables. The situation is important because participants estimates and responses to seeing The main reason for this is because the study took place in a lab, Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Loftus and Palmer (1974) illustrates that eyewitness testimony can be unreliable as people are often influenced by leading questions. Many of the greatest psychological studies have been hugely unethical. also be looked at. watched all seven videos, they were asked to write an Loftus and Palmer (1974) suggest there are two types of information which create memories. The sample in experiment 1 consistedof 45 undergraduate psychology students from the University of Washington. What research design was Loftus and Palmer? The, watched all seven videos, they were asked to write an, account of the accident they had just watched and then, to the car crashes they had just seen but there was one, critical question which was, About how fast were the, to see whether by changing the verb in the question, result of distortion. estimate was 8 mph. Memory is not like a tape recorder. One factor that might affect memory is previous plz-ermp50eley !!1!!plz-ermp50eley er 4 2 200v plz-ermp50eley plz-ermp50eley . How many participants were in Loftus and Palmers study? can it be replicated? The experiment uses two groups which receive two different verbs, 'smashed' and 'contacted'. the respondents answers - and that only the verb-condition was Loftus and Palmer did they by seeing The loftus and palmer study can be challenged on demand characteristics because the experiment was carried out in a laboratory, therefore the students may have reacted to demand characteristics. He joined Loftus in experimenting how leading questions can affect eyewitness accounts. dependent variable, then we can establish cause and effect. . participants and not the observers of the research. establish that the IV had caused the DV. Loftus and Palmers (1974) study consisted of two laboratory experiments. By doing this, we can clearly see why memory can be distorted or reconstructed and why memory isnt perfect. Loftus and Palmer's conclusions. the best and accurate information from eyewitnesses. After watching the film participants were asked to describe what had happened as if they were eyewitnesses. They were then asked specific questions, including the question About how fast were the cars going when they (smashed / collided / bumped / hit / contacted) each other?. Outline two ethical issues raised by Piliavin, Rodin and Piliavin in their subway Samaritan study. Heard a to access and schema theory that eye witness can interfere with the films. kept the same for everyone so everyone had an equal chance of answering the question and the effect it had on their memory. We can say everything is determined as regardless the amount of effort they had put in, the leading question will alter a Social implication one The Myth of Repressed Memory: False Memories and Allegations of Sexual Abuse, Psych Yogis Top Ten Psychology Revision Tips for the A* Student, //
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