[162] Although it sells only about 16,000 copies a week, its estimated readership exceeds 50,000. [25] The guitar is the preferred musical instrument, and in a popular traditional contest called the payada two singers, each with a guitar, take turns improvising verses to the same tune.[25]. Montevideo is the southernmost capital city in the Americas, and the third most southerly in the world (only Canberra and Wellington are further south). The area that became Uruguay was first inhabited by groups of huntergatherers 13,000 years ago. [163], Football is the most popular sport in Uruguay. [32], A 2017 IADB report on labor conditions for Latin American nations, ranked Uruguay as the region's leader overall and in all but one subindexes, including gender, age, income, formality and labor participation. As few native people exist in the population, no indigenous languages are thought to remain in Uruguay. [39], This establishment of the policy of co-participation represented the search for a new formula of compromise, based on the coexistence of the party in power and the party in opposition.[39]. [111] However, 54% is in the hands of 11% of farmers, who have a minimum of 500 head. Jan 2022 - Present1 year 1 month. [155], Uruguayan culture is strongly European and its influences from southern Europe are particularly important. Under pressure from organized labor and the National Party, Baldomir advocated free elections, freedom of the press, and a new constitution. However, simply walking the streets allows tourists to experience the city's colorful culture. This method has been used several times over the past 15 years: to confirm a law renouncing prosecution of members of the military who violated human rights during the military regime (19731985); to stop privatization of public utilities companies; to defend pensioners' incomes; and to protect water resources. [32] The CIA-backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents was called Operation Condor. The state intervened by trying to bail out failing companies and banks. [117][118] The London-based magazine Frontier chose the Carrasco International Airport, serving Montevideo, as one of the best four airports in the world in its 27th edition. WebEntdecke Uruguay Erstflugabdeckung Montevideo nach Buenos Aires Argentinien 1960 Boac in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! [19][20] The name could also refer to a river snail called urugu (Pomella megastoma) that was plentiful across its shores. [152], Uruguay is part of the One Laptop per Child project, and in 2009 became the first country in the world to provide a laptop for every primary school student,[154] as part of the Plan Ceibal. [25] One of the most famous tangos, "La cumparsita" (1917), was written by the Uruguayan composer Gerardo Matos Rodrguez. The law was voted at the Uruguayan Senate on the same date with 16 votes to approve it and 13 against. One of the effects of this high level of unionization was to reduce socio-economic inequalities. Mission President. President Jorge Pacheco declared a state of emergency in 1968, followed by a further suspension of civil liberties in 1972. Drawing on Switzerland and its use of the initiative, the Uruguayan Constitution also allows citizens to repeal laws or to change the constitution by popular initiative, which culminates in a nationwide referendum. Montevideo, which was used as a supply station by the Brazilian navy, experienced a period of prosperity and relative calm during the war. [136] 50% of new legal residents come from Argentina and Brazil. Minister of Economy and Finance Alejandro Vgh Villegas seeks to promote the financial sector and foreign investment. [73], Uruguay adopted its current constitution in 1967. Another spoken dialect was the Patois, which is an Occitan dialect. [50], A new constitution, drafted by the military, was rejected in a November 1980 referendum. Uruguay is home to people of different ethnic origins. WebUruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. At the time of independence, Uruguay had an estimated population of just under 75,000. [138], Uruguay has no official religion; church and state are officially separated,[32] and religious freedom is guaranteed. [72], Uruguay is a representative democratic republic with a presidential system. He has worked as an attorney and business executive. It has a South Atlantic Ocean coastline and lies between Argentina to the west and Brazil to the north. The Colorado effort to reduce Blancos to only three departments caused a Blanco uprising of 1897, which ended with the creation of 16 departments, of which the Blancos now had control over six. [99] Uruguayans have access to more than 100 private daily and weekly newspapers, more than 100 radio stations, and some 20 terrestrial television channels, and cable TV is widely available. WebUruguayans ( Spanish: uruguayos) are people identified with the country of Uruguay, through citizenship or descent. [132] [73] Each department elects its own authorities through a universal suffrage system. With a peak of 50,000 during the mid-1960s, Uruguay has the world's highest rate of aliyah as a percentage of the Jewish population. [84], Construction of a controversial pulp paper mill in 2007, on the Uruguayan side of the Uruguay River, caused protests in Argentina over fears that it would pollute the environment and lead to diplomatic tensions between the two countries. The conflict would last 13 years and become known as the Guerra Grande (the Great War). (2011). Je to druh nejmen jihoamerick stt; men je jen Surinam (jet men je sice Francouzsk Guyana, ale ta nen suvernnm sttem, nbr zmoskm zemm Francie). [47] Most were killed in Argentina and other neighboring countries, with 36 of them having been killed in Uruguay. Jos Enrique Rod (18711917), a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. More Home Reviews Videos Photos About See all We are missionaries for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints in the Uruguay Montevideo West Mission July manufacturing plant. Pressure groups (consisting mainly of businessmen, hacendados, and industrialists) were organized and had a strong influence on government. National extreme temperatures at sea level are, 44C (111F) in Paysand city (20 January 1943) and Florida city (January 14, 2022),[71] and 11.0C (12.2F) in Melo city (14 June 1967). [41] A transition period (188690) followed, during which politicians began recovering lost ground and some civilian participation in government occurred. ", Los 9 temas de Marama y Rombai en el top 10 de Spotify Argentina, "World Cup 2010: Diego Forlan collects Golden Ball award", The FIFA/Coca-Cola World Ranking Ranking Table, "Uruguay "exported" 1.414 football players in the last decade", World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Uruguay, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uruguay&oldid=1134235346. [44] In general, the Terra government weakened or neutralized economic nationalism and social reform. [54] Vzquez stuck to economic orthodoxy. [32] Uruguay then became a zone of contention between the Spanish and Portuguese empires. Uruguay is divided into 19 departments whose local administrations replicate the division of the executive and legislative powers. A migration law passed in 2008 gives immigrants the same rights and opportunities that nationals have, with the requisite of proving a monthly income of $650. [25], From about the same period came the romantic poetry of Juan Zorrilla de San Martn (18551931), who wrote epic poems about Uruguayan history. Neither side gained the upper hand and in 1828 the Treaty of Montevideo, fostered by the United Kingdom through the diplomatic efforts of Viscount John Ponsonby, gave birth to Uruguay as an independent state. Located in the southern part of the country, on the northeastern shore of the Rio de la Plata estuary is, Montevideo - the capital, the largest and the most populous city of Uruguay. Meat being the principal dish, due to Uruguay being one of the world's largest producers of quality meat. Surfaced roads connect Montevideo to the other urban centers in the country, the main highways leading to the border and neighboring cities. WebUruguay and the Argentine provinces of Entre Ros and Corrientes, against the province of Buenos Aires; the third and by far the most important, in 186470, in alliance with Argentina and Uruguay, against Paraguay had their roots in the rivalry between Portugal and Spain during the 17th and 18th centuries. [62], With 176,214km2 (68,037sqmi) of continental land and 142,199km2 (54,903sqmi) of jurisdictional water and small river islands,[63] Uruguay is the second smallest sovereign nation in South America (after Suriname) and the third smallest territory (French Guiana is the smallest). [36], In accordance with the 1851 treaties, Brazil intervened militarily in Uruguay as often as it deemed necessary. [80] Uruguay ranked 27th in the Freedom House "Freedom in the World" index. Its natural harbor soon developed into a commercial area competing with Ro de la Plata's capital, Buenos Aires. Most Uruguayans of European ancestry are descendants of 19th and 20th century immigrants from Spain and Italy,[32] and to a lesser degree Germany, France and Britain. Punta del Este adjoins the city of Maldonado, while to its northeast along the coast are found the smaller resorts of La Barra and Jos Ignacio. [32] Enlistment is voluntary in peacetime, but the government has the authority to conscript in emergencies. Those guests may organize custom tours through the Destination Services Desk on board. [121] However, rail passenger commuter service into Montevideo was restarted in 1993, and now comprises three suburban lines. [21], One of the most popular interpretations of the name was proposed by the renowned Uruguayan poet Juan Zorrilla de San Martn, "the river of painted birds";[22] this interpretation, although dubious, still holds an important cultural significance in the country. Weburuguay, cuyo nombre oficial es repblica oriental del uruguay, es un pas soberano de amrica del sur, situado en la parte oriental del cono sur. In 166971, the Portuguese built a fort at Colonia del Sacramento (Colnia do Sacramento). However, it is officially translated either as the "Oriental Republic of Uruguay"[24][25] or the "Eastern Republic of Uruguay". Uruguay hat im Norden eine 985 km lange Grenze mit Brasilien und im Westen eine 579 km lange Grenze mit Argentinien. [168] In the rankings for June 2012, Uruguay were ranked the second best team in the world, according to the FIFA world rankings, their highest ever point in football history, falling short of the first spot to the Spain national football team. In statements, the Uruguayan government indicated its firm commitment to the Middle East peace process, but refused to specify borders "to avoid interfering in an issue that would require a bilateral agreement". During the 1960s and 1970s, Argentina underwent huge political and cultural societal change, as sectors such as the young, women and those living in the interior found their voices in challenging the status quo. Diego Forln was presented with the Golden Ball award as the best player of the 2010 tournament. "Eastern Republic of Uruguay" is the official name used in many United Nations publications in English, e.g. The language spoken there is Spanish. Its capital and largest city is Montevideo. [33] Artigas organized the Federal League under his protection, consisting of six provinces, four of which later became part of Argentina. Lessa, F. and Druliolle, V. [89] Uruguay has two uncontested boundary disputes with Brazil, over Isla Brasilera and the 235km2 (91sqmi) Invernada River region near Masoller. [32] This led to the 500-day-long Cisplatine War. According to one source, around 180 Uruguayans are known to have been killed and disappeared, with thousands more illegally detained and tortured during the 12-year civil-military rule of 1973 to 1985. [121] Cargo trains would continue for loads more than 120 tons, but bus transportation became the "economic" alternative for travellers. In response to the annexation, the Thirty-Three Orientals, led by Juan Antonio Lavalleja, declared independence on 25 August 1825 supported by the United Provinces of the Ro de la Plata (present-day Argentina). Officials of both countries emphasized the need to end this rivalry in the name of regional integration in 2010. [32] The indigenous peoples' fierce resistance to conquest, combined with the absence of gold and silver, limited European settlement in the region during the 16th and 17th centuries. 30.1% reported believing in a god, but not belonging to any religion, while 14% were atheist or agnostic. [146] In 1837 civil marriage was recognized, and in 1861 the state took over the running of public cemeteries. Uruguayan food culture comes mostly from the European cuisine culture. limita al noreste con brasil estado de ro grande del sur , al oeste y suroeste con argentina provincias de corrientes, entre ros y buenos aires, y la ciudad autnoma de buenos aires (separada por [153], Public education is the primary responsibility of three institutions: the Ministry of Education and Culture, which coordinates education policies, the National Public Education Administration, which formulates and implements policies on early to secondary education, and the University of the Republic, responsible for higher education. A wave of bands appeared in Montevideo, including Los Shakers, Los Mockers, Los Iracundos, Los Moonlights, and Los Malditos, who became major figures in the so-called Uruguayan Invasion of Argentina. WebWife, Julie; four children. So far, the disputed areas remain de facto under Brazilian control, with little to no actual effort by Uruguay to assert its claims. [128][129] Most of the electricity comes from hydroelectric facilities and wind parks. [99] The economy grew at an annual rate of 6.7% during the 20042008 period. The dramatic shift, taking less than ten years and without government funding, lowered electricity costs and slashed the country's carbon footprint. In November 2019 Luis Lacalle Pou won a five-year presidential term in a free and fair election. [97] The Frente Amplio government, while continuing payments on Uruguay's external debt,[98] also undertook an emergency plan to attack the widespread problems of poverty and unemployment. [51] Both presidents continued the economic structural reforms initiated after the reinstatement of democracy and other important reforms were aimed at improving the electoral system, social security, education, and public safety. Other Uruguayan famous songwriters are Jaime Roos, Eduardo Mateo, Rubn Rada, Pablo Sciuto, Daniel Viglietti, among others. It is among the most famous and recognizable tangos of all time. [16] It ranks high on global measures of personal rights, tolerance, and inclusion issues,[17] including its acceptance of the LGBT community. Uruguay covers an area of approximately 181,034 square kilometers (69,898sqmi) and has a population of an estimated 3.4million, of whom around 2 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city, Montevideo. [41] During this authoritarian period, the government took steps toward the organization of the country as a modern state, encouraging its economic and social transformation. [35] The political scene in Uruguay became split between two parties: the conservative Blancos (Whites) headed by the second President Manuel Oribe, representing the agricultural interests of the countryside; and the liberal Colorados (Reds) led by the first President Fructuoso Rivera, representing the business interests of Montevideo. Social spending was reduced and many state-owned companies were privatized. [115] Its quay can handle 14-metre draught (46ft) vessels. [73], The legislative power is constituted by the General Assembly, composed of two chambers: the Chamber of Representatives, consisting of 99 members representing the 19 departments, elected for a five-year term based on proportional representation; and the Chamber of Senators, consisting of 31 members, 30 of whom are elected for a five-year term by proportional representation and the vice-president, who presides over the chamber. Popular Uruguayan rock bands include La Vela Puerca, No Te Va Gustar, El Cuarteto de Nos, Once Tiros, La Trampa, Chalamadre, Snake, Buitres, and Cursi. [52] Low commodity prices and economic difficulties in Uruguay's main export markets (starting in Brazil with the devaluation of the real, then in Argentina in 2002), caused a severe recession; the economy contracted by 11%, unemployment climbed to 21%, and the percentage of Uruguayans in poverty rose to over 30%. Uruguay hosted the official Basketball World Cup for the 1967 FIBA World Championship and the official Americas Basketball Championship in 1988, 1997 and is a host of the 2017 FIBA AmeriCup. People on file as opponents of the regime were excluded from the civil service and from education. [77][78] However, in the 2004 Uruguayan general election, the Broad Front won an absolute majority in Parliamentary elections, and in 2009, Jos Mujica of the Broad Front defeated Luis Alberto Lacalle of the Blancos to win the presidency. The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. [152] In the 2006 PISA test, Uruguay had one of the greatest standard deviations among schools, suggesting significant variability by socio-economic level. [38], The constitutional government of General Lorenzo Batlle y Grau (186872) suppressed the Revolution of the Lances by the Blancos. No political party won a majority in parliament, but the ruling party formed a coalition to pass legislation. This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 17:27. [111] Beef is the main export commodity of the country, totaling over US$1billion in 2006. [25], Tango has also affected Uruguayan culture, especially during the 20th century, particularly the '30s and '40s with Uruguayan singers such as Julio Sosa from Las Piedras. Uruguay has by far the smallest population of any country that has won a World Cup. [12] Uruguay is regarded as one of the most socially progressive countries in Latin America. [167] Despite their early success, they missed three World Cups in four attempts from 1994 to 2006. [66] These storms can be strong; they can bring squalls, hail, and sometimes even tornadoes. [121] However, in 1985 the "National Transport Plan" suggested passenger trains were too costly to repair and maintain. [73] The members of government are elected for a five-year term by a universal suffrage system. [74][75] Many of its provisions were suspended in 1973, but re-established in 1985. Punta del Este is situated on a small peninsula off the southeast coast of Uruguay. [39] After two years of struggle, a peace agreement was signed in 1872 that gave the Blancos a share in the emoluments and functions of government, through control of four of the departments of Uruguay. [43] Batlle had two terms (190307 and 191115) during which, taking advantage of the nation's stability and growing economic prosperity, he instituted major reforms, such as a welfare program, government participation in many facets of the economy, and a plural executive. [25] Uruguayans of many classes and backgrounds enjoy reading historietas, comic books that often blend humour and fantasy with thinly veiled social criticism. There are several interpretations, including "bird-river" ("the river of the ur", via Charruan, ur being a common noun of any wild fowl). [53] Uruguay terminated the agreement in 2006 following the early repayment of its debt but maintained a number of the policy commitments. To the southwest is the Ro de la Plata, the estuary of the Uruguay River (which river forms the country's western border). [35], In 1843, an Argentine army overran Uruguay on Oribe's behalf but failed to take the capital. Ryan K. Olsen Region. WebShore excursions on the first and last day of a cruise are only available for guests who are combining back-to-back voyages to create a longer cruise. [121] In 1949, the government nationalized the railways, along with the electric trams and the Montevideo Waterworks Company. [73] Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. If the minor child does not have a Permiso de Menor, the minor child will be prohibited from leaving Uruguay. Uruguay has enjoyed friendly relations with the United States since its transition back to democracy. [69] The heaviest precipitation occurs during the autumn months, although more frequent rainy spells occur in winter. [122] Most of the country's domestic freight and passenger service is by road rather than rail. [12] Uruguay is the third-best country on the continent in terms of Human Development Index, GDP growth,[15] innovation, and infrastructure. [121] Passenger service was then discontinued in 1988. [43] The following year, the Blancos led a rural revolt and eight bloody months of fighting ensued before their leader, Aparicio Saravia, was killed in battle. Its beaches are divided into Mansa, or tame (river) side and Brava, or rugged (ocean) side. [111], In 2007, Uruguay had cattle herds totalling 12million head, making it the country with the highest number of cattle per capita at 3.8. [160] Other Uruguayan bands of success are: Toco Para Vos, Vi-Em[es], Toco Para Bailar and Golden Rocket. [147], Uruguayan Spanish, as is the case with neighboring Argentina, employs both voseo and yesmo (with [] or []). However, the economy did not improve and deteriorated after 1980, the GDP fell by 20% and unemployment rose to 17%. The siege of Montevideo, which began in February 1843, would last nine years. The 1999 national elections were held under a new electoral system established by a 1996 constitutional amendment. He drew from both Timbuktu and Mykonos to create his best-known work: his home, hotel and atelier Casapueblo near Punta del Este. [91], In 2017, Uruguay signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. The National Party's Luis Alberto Lacalle won the 1989 presidential election and amnesty for human rights abusers was endorsed by referendum. [36] Montevideo rewarded Brazil's support by signing treaties that confirmed Brazil's right to intervene in Uruguay's internal affairs. Download chapter PDF. [162] MercoPress is an independent news agency focusing on news related to Mercosur and is based in Montevideo. 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Uruguay declared independence in 1825 and then secured independence in 1828 following a three-year conflict with Brazil and the dissolution of its federation with Argentina. Uruguay (officially Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country in South America. Their efforts proved ineffective and, by 1849, tired of the war, both withdrew after signing a treaty favorable to Rosas. [25], Abstract painter and sculptor Carlos Pez Vilar was a prominent Uruguayan artist. [25], The folk and popular music of Uruguay shares not only its gaucho roots with Argentina, but also those of the tango. [25] His book Ariel (1900) deals with the need to maintain spiritual values while pursuing material and technical progress. The Montevideo Gas Company and the Pluma airline were turned over to the private sector, but the pace of privatization slowed down in 1996. Only in some spots of the Atlantic Coast and at the summit of the highest hills of the Cuchilla Grande the climate is oceanic (Cfb). Uruguay is bordered by two large neighbors, Brazil and Argentina. [53], In 2004, Uruguayans elected Tabar Vzquez as president, while giving the Broad Front a majority in both houses of Parliament. Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic, with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government. Uruguay is a unitary state: justice, education, health, security, foreign policy and defense are all administered nationwide. [46] The media were censored or banned, the trade union movement was destroyed and tons of books were burned after the banning of some writers' works. (eds.) [142] Among the sizeable Armenian community in Montevideo, the dominant religion is Christianity, specifically Armenian Apostolic. This includes the new Rwanda Kigali and Hawaii Laie missions. He and his wife, Annette, have six children. 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